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Re: Physic help
- To: KellySt@aol.com, kgstar@most.fw.hac.com, stevev@efn.org, jim@bogie2.bio.purdue.edu, zkulpa@zmit1.ippt.gov.pl, hous0042@maroon.tc.umn.edu, rddesign@wolfenet.com, David@InterWorld.com, lparker@destin.gulfnet.com, DotarSojat@aol.com, neill@foda.math.usu.edu, 101765.2200@compuserve.com, MLEN3097@Mercury.GC.PeachNet.EDU
- Subject: Re: Physic help
- From: T.L.G.vanderLinden@student.utwente.nl (Timothy van der Linden)
- Date: Tue, 07 May 1996 00:02:03 +0100
>> 2
>>K = M c (gamma - 1) K=kinetic energy
>>
>>
>>In fact this is all you need, but there is a bit of a problem, namely that
>>there is more than one particle in each reaction, and that sometimes not all
>>particles have the same mass. This makes that not all particles have the
>>same final speed, ofcourse one could figure out a mean velocity, but I'm not
>>sure how to do that best.
>
>In the case of Li6 the resulting exaust is all 4He? 3 per 20 MeV.
Yes, but that still means that the momentum and energy are not necessary
equally distributed. Rex has given a 2 particle calculation but I wonder if
that makes much sense, since all energy/momentum is finally directed in one
direction namely backwards.
>>If I would do a very rough approximation, I would use the Watts/kg numbers
>>in your table (by the way it should be Joule/kg).
>>
>>Since then the velocities wouldn't be relativistic at all I can simply use:
>>
>>E = 0.5 m v^2
>>
>>or
>>
>>v = SQRT[2 E/m]
>
>For example is E energy in Joules, watts, voltage...? Is m in kilos,
>proton mass, atomic weight? Without this the equation isn't useable to me.
>In physics as I remember only a few standard units are used. In
>Engineering anything is used.
Yes, forgot that again, maybe subconsiously assuming that the formula looked
familiar.
E=energy (Joules)
m=mass of all the particles left over after the reaction (kg)
v=mean velocity of the particles (m/s)
What isn't mentioned in your fusion reactions is that within the engine
probably many photons are generated too. You should see these photons just
as a form of energy and not as an ingredient of the reaction.
>>For 2.058E14 Joule/kg this would give 2E7 m/s or 0.067c
>
>What are you using for mass? Are you assuming a 4He and 2 p, or assuming
>that the energy of the p's are transfered to the next reaction that are
>involved in? Or assumed the energy is lost?
Since I was talking about mean values, I wasn't thinking about particles
anymore, it was enough to just talk about energy per amount of fuelmass.
So for the mass I simply used 1 kg since it is 2.058E14J per 1 kg. I could
also have used 2 kg because it is 4.116E14J per 2 kg. I hope If I'm childish
here, forgive me.
So when using v = SQRT[2 E/m], forget about electron volts, atomic mass etc.
just use the energy-per-mass number in your table.
If you like to know how those energy-per-mass (J/kg) numbers were calculated
give a yell and I will show it to you. (Then I will need eV and amu again)
>Damn, this is bad 2e7 would translate to a specific impulse of 2,000,000.
>Which would mean the explorer class would need a fuel to weight ratio of
>148 to 1 to get down from .3 c.
I get something around 100:1 but I guess that doesn't matter much anymore.
>And given that you used 2.058E14, which is
>the result for He3 not Li6, and Li6 reactions divide 1.596 E14 over about
>twice as much mass, then a Li6 fueled ship would have a much lower specific
>impulse. I.E. the Explorer class couldn't work!!
Didn't I show this a while ago? It shows the fuel to ship ratios.
End velocity -->
+------+-------+-------+------+-------+--------+
| 0.20 | 0.30 | 0.40 | 0.50 | 0.60 | 0.70 |
+-----+------+-------+-------+------+-------+--------+
f | 200 | 7.6 | 22.2 | 69.5 | 244 | 1032 | 5906 |
| 250 | 9.7 | 31.9 | 114.6 | 467 | 2338 | 16422 |
|| | 300 | 12.0 | 44.4 | 180.0 | 839 | 4896 | 41401 |
|| | 350 | 14.6 | 60.2 | 272.7 | 1439 | 9662 | 96907 |
|| | 400 | 17.6 | 79.8 | 401.4 | 2376 | 18191 | 213876 |
\/ | 450 | 21.0 | 104.1 | 577.2 | 3805 | 32958 | 449882 |
| 500 | 24.7 | 133.8 | 813.9 | 5941 | 57820 | 908988 |
+-----+------+-------+-------+------+-------+--------+
Where f is c^2 / 2.058E14 = 439 (c=3E8 m/s)
Our best reaction is 2H + 3He --> 4He +1H + 18.3 MeV
with 3.51E14 J/kg so that f=257
>AAAAAAHHHHHHHHHHHH!!!!!
That's why I tried pushing anti-matter as a fuel.
Tim
P.S. Don't remove the explorer pages, it makes a good example why not to use
fusion fuel. (just kidding)