REFERENCES

The sources for this study reflect my background in traditional books on drawing and analytical studies of design process. If you would like to recommend other references that would be helpful, please email Nancy Cheng at nywc@uoregon.edu.

The grant for this research was provided by NorthWest Academic Computing Consortium (NWACC).

Drawing Techniques

The following is a list of relevant books that clearly demonstrate drawing techniques that lead to clear, expressive drawings.

Architectural Study Drawings

by Herbert, Dan
John Wiley & Sons, New York: 1993
Retired UO professor Dan Herbert has been instrumental in helping with this project. His advisory visits always leave us with fresh insights and renewed enthusiasm. In his book, Dan interviewed famous architects about their design drawings. He also analyzed Corbusier drawings for Ronchamp chapel and reconstructed the thought process behind it. In analyzing the series of images, he created a model for what we are attempting to do digitally.

Drawing: A Creative Process

by Francis D.K. Ching
Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York: 1990
Elegant and meticulous drawings characterize Frank Ching's architectural drawing books.  Because his drawings capture and organize essential principles of design, they have become classics in architectural education. In particular, the series of images on pages 168 and 169 that show the same view drawn with emphasis on only form, space, texture and pattern, have been helpful in conveying drawing styles to students.

Drawing Shortcuts

by Jim Leggitt
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York: 2002
Jim Liggett's book is full of ideas on how to quickly generate lively architectural renderings. He combines high-tech digital photos, copiers and computer equipment with traditional pens and markers. His in-depth tips have a very practical bent, emphasizing how to make accessible illustrations.

Analyses of Design Drawings

The following papers look at the process of design through protocol analysis, or the dissection of the design process into different types of actions (graphic, verbal, non-verbal motions, etc.).

Intentions in and relations among design drawings

by Ellen Yi-Luen Do, Mark D. Gross, Bennett Neiman, and Craig Zimring
Design Studies, vol. 21, no. 5, September 2000, pages 483-503
http://depts.washington.edu/dmgftp/publications/pdfs/dstudies01.pdf
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Exploration of the design process

by Omer Akin
Design Methods and Theories, vol. 13, no. 3/4, pages 115-119
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Comparing graphic actions between remote and proximal design teams

by Steve Garner
Design Studies, vol. 22, no. 4, July 2001, pages 365-376
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Sketching as mental imagery processing

by Manolya Kavakli and John S. Gero
Design Studies, vol. 222, no. 4, July 2001, pages 348 - 364