Maa

Y - y

y Letter representing the Maa lightly-articulated palatal glide /y/. LING: In Maa there are two palatal glides, one lightly articulated, and one strongly articulated, written as yi.

a-yá(r)₂ v.prog. 1 • To move sth. from one location to another; carry, take. Nɛ́yá inkíshú ɛnyɛ̂ ó isirkôn. He took their cows and donkeys (i.e. for his own posession). Ɛ́yá enkítòk ɛndáà ɛmányátá. The woman takes food to the warrior village. ayá ɛndáà áŋ To carry food home (Pk). ayá ɛnkárɛ́ ají To carry water to the house (Pk). Ɛyákɨ ɔlpáyìàn ɨnkɛ́rà ɛndáà. The man will take food to/for the children. Ɛyákakɨ́ dúóó inkíshú embolíêî námɛ̂j. The cows were brought to the salt-lick (for licking). (Pk). Ɛyáwua ŋolé nɨ́nɨ̂ oltulét olóítò ailísh aɨtaá enkúkúrí. Yesterday my mother brought a gourd in its natural state so as to make a usable gourd out of it. (Pk). Ɨ́yaʉ́! Bring it! (W).

2 • To marry (of a man). Áayá ɔlpáyìàn. The man will marry me. (lit: The man will take me.). LING: Sense 2 requires a man as the subject, and a woman as the object.

3 • To steal. Ɛ́yá ɨlmʉ́rrán inkíshú oó l-Kokóyò. The warriors will steal cows of (from) the Kikuyu.

4 • To ache. Káayá ɔlálàɨ̀ olêŋ. My tooth hurts a lot. (lit: The tooth carries me a lot.).

4 • To cause to die. Kɛ́yáɨ́tà oltíkáná ɨltʉ́ŋáná olêŋ tɔɔ́ nkuapí ɔlɔ́ɔrɔ́ɔ́k. Malaria is killing a lot of people in Africa. (lit: ... in the countries that are black). (Pk). LING: Evidence that the root /ya/ 'to take' has an old final /r/ comes from forms like ɛ-yároyú 'It is able to be taken away by use of force', and the nominalization ɛ-yárúnotó 'captive, booty'. However, no /r/ surfaces in the passive, motion-towards, or other formations that usually trigger surfacing of old final consonants. LING: In the following example, what is the first /k/? Is it evidence of a root-final /k/? ɛ́yakákɨ̀ ɛnkɨkɛ́ ɔ́ lmɨ́shɨ́rɛ́. 'Go and bring me a brush from metal.'. LING: The perfective of /ya/ 'take, marry, steal' is the suppletive root -wa.

LING: If Goal is animate, ya may take the Dative suffix. If Goal is inanimate, no Dative suffix occurs.

a-yá ɛnkárɛ̀ To drown; be carried by water.

a-yáɨ́ To be taken away. Ɛyáɨ́ ɨntáɨ́ osérò. You will all be taken/carried away to the bush.

a-yakɨ́ To take to, carry to, bring to. Kááyákɨ ɛ́nadúóó tókì níkítíákà. I will bring you the thing you told me.

a-yaʉ́ To bring. Nɨ́kɨ̀yàʉ̀ aké tɛ̀ síàŋàù. We will bring them in a calabash. Órè ɨsɨŋát ɔɔ́ ntarɛ́ náà ɛyáʉ̀ olkúlùp. The sneezes of the sheep+goats bring mucous. (W).

a-yayú To be able to be taken away by force. Ɛ́táá doí kɛ́yáyu amʉ̂ ɨmɛɨshɔrʉ́nɨ tɛ̀ sidáí. It is now takable by force because it can not be given out in a good manner. See: a-yároyú ‘Able to be taken away by force’; -wa ‘Take (perfective)’; a-náp ‘To carry’.

a-yág v.s. To pause; subside. Míntókì aŋás ayág, ɨ́rɔrɔ́ doí oóntiŋíé. Don't pause, speak until you finish. (Pk). Ɛ́yágá ɔlpayíán ɛngórô amʉ̂ áɨ́sápʉ̀k náají. The man's anger subsided because it was too much then. (Pk).

a-yagaá v.dir. To subside; go down slowly; abate, decrease. Ɛyagáà ɛnkárɛ̀ tè négùàr. Water subsides when it stops raining. Ɛyagáyìè ɛnkárɛ̀ amʉ̂ kɛ́kuɛtɨ́tà náají. Water subsided because it was running then. (Pk). Ɛyagáà eŋórô. The anger subsides, the fury cools. LING: Mol indicates this is a Class I verb, but notes some variants that follow the Class II pattern; lk inflects it only as a Class II verb. LING: a-yág cannot occur in the progressive -(r)tà or ventive -ʉ(n) forms, though it can take the Away suffix -áà.

a-yagarí To subside, e.g. level of water going down.

a-yagíé To leave something calm, in abeyance; be at peace. Mányaakɨ́ áàyàgìè ɛlɛ̂ árràbàl amʉ̂ ɛtasápʉ̀kà. Let us leave this quarrelling and be calm, because it has become too much. (Pk).

a-yagʉ́ To take one's time.

a-yagaá v. To subside, decrease, go down, abate. See: a-yág ‘To pause’.

a-yagarí v. To subside, e.g. level of water going down.

a-yagɨyág v. 1 • To move leisurely. Ɨ́yágɨ́yágʉ̀gʉ̀. You all come leisurely this way.

2 • To bob one's head as one walks, like a bird. Tápàlà ɛnkɨ́yágɨ́yàg, shɔ́mɔ̀ tɔ́tɔ̀nà ɨ́ntɔbɨrakɨ́. Stop bobbing your head as you walk, go and sit well. (Pk). See: a-yág ‘To pause’.

ɔl-yáhúdí Nom sg: ɔl-yahudí. Acc pl: ɨl-yahúdì. Nom pl: ɨl-yáhùdì. n. Jew, Jewish person. Etym: < Kiswahili yahudi ‘Jewish person’.

e-yáhúdí Jewish girl or woman.

a-yám [North]: yɛ́m. v.prog. To marry (of a man only). LING: Only a man can be subject of this verb. Kɛ́yàm ɔlpáyìàn inkitúáàk kúmòk. A man will marry many wives. Nétií apá ɔlpáyìàn ɔ́yamá esiankíkì. A long time ago, there was an (old) man who married a young woman. Áyámɨ́tà enkitók áɨ́. I am marrying my wife. (Pk). Ɛyámɨ́tà ɔlmʉrraní ɛnkitók. The warrior is married to the woman. (W). aisúr entíto peê mɛ́yámɨ́ To speak ill of a girl so that she does not get married (Pk). a-yám is done by a man to a woman, and not vice versa. LING: a-yám inflects for perfective as a Class II verb: ɛ́yámá 'He married her.'. LING: Mol notes this is sometimes treated as a Class I verb, and sometimes as Class II.

a-yamá v.mid. To be married (of a woman). Kɛ́yámà ɛná kítòk amʉ̂ ɛldɛ̂ ɔlpáyìàn lɛ́nyɛ̀. This woman is married because that is her husband. (Pk).

a-yamakɨ́ To marry to. Ɛyámákɨ́ ɔlpáyìàn ɔlayíónì lɛnyɛ́. The man has to make his son marry. (Pk). See: a-rík ‘To lead, marry’.

áà-yàmàkìnò v.pl. 1 • To get wives for each other. Ɛgɨ́rà kʉlɔ́ ɔ́làshàrà áàyàmàkìnò. These two brothers are marrying for (i.e. getting wives for) each other. (Pk).

2 • To intermarry. See: a-yám ‘To marry’.

a-yanyɨ́t v. To respect, pay respect, honour, revere, reverence; obey. Eyéwùò oltúlèt tɔ́rrɔnɔ̂ ɛnkɔ́p lɛ́mɛ́yányìt inkɛ́râ intóiwúó. A bad generation has come to the world where children do not respect parents. (Pk). Áyányìt nanʉ́ ɨmpápá. I obey (respect, honor, revere) my father. (Pk). See: a-níŋ ‘To obey’.

a-yáŋ [North]: yɛ́ŋ. v.prog. 1 • To breathe. Ɛɨtʉ́ ɛyɛ́ amʉ̂ kɛ́gɨ́rà ayáŋ. It has not died because it is breathing. Káyáŋáa empúrúó. I will breathe the smoke. Íyaŋá! Breathe! (as in a doctor's office). Íyaŋʉ́ empúrúó. Breathe out the smoke!

2 • To puff. Kɛ́yàŋ olêŋ. He puffs a lot. Etym: Proto-Ongamo-Maa *-yɛŋ (Vossen 1989:196), from Proto-Teso-Lotuko-Maa *-yɛŋ 'breathe' (Vossen 1982:339); believed by Ehret to be a loan from an early Rub-related language. Proto-Nilo Saharan *háːŋ 'to breathe' (2001: 613).

a-yaŋɨyáŋ To breathe in and out. Nɛ́ná entókì nagɨ́rà ayaŋɨyáŋ. Here is something that is breathing in and out. (Pk). See: a-ɨpaŋɨpáŋ ‘To pant’.

ɛ-yárárotó Nom sg: ɛ-yárárotó. Acc pl: i-yararót. Nom pl: i-yararót. n. 1 • Captivity. Órè apá ɨltʉ́ŋáná pɔɔkɨ́ ɔtɨmɨrakɨ́ nɛ́yáɨ́ ɛyárárotó. All the people that were defeated were taken into captivity. (Pk). Órè apá peê áâ ɔlɛ́ɨ́lɔ̀ órèrè náà mɛ́nyɛ́ apá oyarárotó. He became of that people because his father went into captivity. (Pk).

2 • Captive. LING: Mol 96 407: From the motion-away form of a-ár 'to beat'.

ɔ-yárátá Nom sg: ɔ-yaratá. Acc pl: ɨ-yarát. Nom pl: ɨ-yarát. n. 1 • Flat stretch of land, especially at the end of a valley. Ɛ́ntɛ̀rɛ̀ʉ̀ ɨntaré ɔyárátá amʉ̂ nɨnyɛ́ etíi ɨmbɛnɛ́k nɛ́nyɔ̀rrɨ̀. Take the goats and sheep to the flat stretch of land because that is where leaves that are green are. (Pk).

2 • Name of a dry-season month in the Maasai calendar, when there is an occasional shower which keeps the valleys in grass. In March or August, depending on Section and climactic conditions.

yárotó [North] v. [North] To go for sth. that one has been promised. See: a-yá ‘To take’.

ɛ-yároyú v. Sth. so valuable that people want to take it by force. Ɛyároyú ɛnâ tókí ámaâ naá mɛ́ɨ́shɔ́rʉ́nɨ́ tɛ̀ sidáí. This thing can be taken by force and we can get it smoothly. (Pk). See: a-yá ‘To take’.

ɛ-yárúnotó₁ Nom sg: ɛ-yarúnotó. Acc pl: i-yarunót. Nom pl: i-yárùnòt. n. Captive, treasure, spoil, booty. Ɨmɛmayíánà áɨ́kátá iyarunót náoruní kʉlɨ́káɨ́ tʉ́ŋáná. Spoils (captives) are never blessed because they are taken away from other people. (Pk).

ɛ-yárúnotó₂ n. Taking towards, beating towards, pushing towards. Tápàlà doí ɛnâ yárúnotó inó náâ ɛnâ áló aké ílótú. Stop your pushing towards me ...

i-yasát n.pl. Deeds, acts. See: ɛ-ásátá ‘Deed’.

ɔ-yáti n. 1 • Non-native resident of an area; foreigner; alien. Órè ɔltʉŋánì pɔɔkɨ́ ólô amány ɛnkɔ́p nɛ́mɛ̂ ɛnɛnyɛ̂ náà ɔyátì tɛ́ɨ́nà kɔ̂p. All persons who migrate(s) to some country which is not theirs is a non-native resident of that area. (Pk).

2 • A child whose mother has died; orphan. ɔyátɨ̀ oshî ɛndá áyíóní amʉ̂ ɛtúá apá ŋɔtɔnyɛ́ náà kɛ́ɨ́bá inkáínìtò ɛ́ naíú. This boy has been an orphan because his mother died and the co-wives of birth hate him ??? This noun refers to a child whose mother has died and is now loved only by its father, but not much by the other wives of his father, i.e. the co-wives of the child's deceased mother.

a-yaʉ́ [North]: a-yao. v. To bring. Káló ayaʉ́ ɛnkáɨ́ amʉ́kɛ̀ amʉ̂ nɛ́ná ɛnkáɨ́. I am going to get the other shoe because one is here. (Pk). Shɔ́mɔ̀ íyaʉ́ olkídóŋét máídoŋó ilmerégeshi. Go and bring the burdizzo so that we (can) castrate the rams. (Pk). See: a-yá ‘To take’.

a-yayíé In some suffixed forms: a-yayíék. v. 1 • To carry with. Káyayie ɛlɛ̂ bɛ́nɛ́ ɛnâ dáà. I will carry this food in this bag. (Pk).

2 • To include. Kɛ́nárɛ́ nɛ́yayíékì ɛnâ kɨlâ inkulîê. It is better to include this cloth in with the others.

3 • To take from.

a-yɛ́ v. To die, extinguish. Nɛ́yɛ té ínè. It died just there (in that instant). (Pk). Ɛgɨ́rà ɔlashé ayɛ́. The calf is dying. (Pk). ...náà kɛ́ɨ́kàsh apá nɨ́ncɛ̀, ɛɨtʉ́ ɛyɛ́ lɛlɔ̂... ...were better themselves, those ones did not di.e... Ɛgɨ́rà ɔltáa ayɛ́. The lamp is getting extinguished. (Pk). LING: The suppletive perfective is a-túá.

túá Suppletive Perfective form of 'to die'. To be dead (for humans), or to be "like" dead (for inanimates), eg, a mechanical failure in electronic equipment, a car, a torch running out of batteries. Etúá ɛngárɨ̀. The car is dead (i.e. it has a mechanical failure). In most cases, etúá is not mentioned when someone has died; rather, a polite word like ɛshɔmɔ́ (he/she has gone) is used instead. LING: This verb cannot refer to past events, unless it is in the NEG with /ɛɨtʉ́/. See: a-ɨ́sh ‘To die’; a-itianyá ‘To die’; túá ‘Dead’.

a-yɛ́k v.prog. 1 • To weigh down, tire. Káagɨrâ ɛlɛ́ bɛnɛ́ ayɛ́k. This bag is tiring me/weighing me down. (Pk). Káàyɛ̀kɨ̀tà ɛlɛ́ órìkà. This chair is tiring me (it makes my muscles tired as I try to hold it up).

2 • To trouble, bother. Káàyɛ̀kɨ̀tà ɔlpayian. The man is bothering me (and I am not interested). Káagɨrâ kuná kɛ́rá áàyɛ̀k. These children are bothering me. (Pk). Ɛtɛ́yɛká iyíóók ɛlɛ́ tʉŋani. This person has become a trouble to us. ɔltʉŋánì ɔyɛ́kɨshɔ a person who is troublesome. See: a-nyamál ‘To fuss’.

ɔ-yɛ́kɛ̀ny Nom sg: ɔ-yɛ́kɛ̂ny. Acc pl: ɨ-yekényi. Nom pl: ɨ-yékenyí. n. Baboon. Átódúàà ɔyɛ́kɛ̀ny oipidítò tɔɔ́ lkeék. I have seen a baboon jumping from tree to tree. (Pk). Syn: lɛ́nkʉ́rbàny ‘Baboon’. See: ótìm ‘Baboon’.

a-yɛkɛnyá v.mid. To toil. Ágɨ́rà ayɛkɛnyá peê atúm ɛndáà. I am toiling so that I could get food. Ɛtɛyɛ́kɛ̀ ɛnkɛwaríé pɔɔkɨ́n. He toiled all night.

ɛ́-yɛ́kɛ́nyàtà n. Toil. Tápàlà ɛ́yɛ́kɛ́nyàtà entókì nímítúm. Stop toiling to get things that you will not get (i.e. that are impossible to get). (Pk).

a-yekú v.prog. To come early. Táyekú́ peê kíyôk. Come early so that we can go early. (Pk). See: a-yók ‘To go early’.

a-yɛ́l v. 1 • To smear. Tálàmà ɨlɔ̂ sɨkɨráɨ̀ míkíyélìè aké lɛlɔ sampʉlalɨ́ lɛnyɛ́nà. Stay away from that snail lest it smears its slime on you. (Pk).

2 • To smear something or some part of the body with oil. Ɛgɨ́rà ayɛ́l ɛnkɛ́ráí tɛ̀ ɨlatá. A child is being smeared with oil. Oiling is done with sheep oil, vaseline, etc., in order to soften the skin.

3 • To adopt an adult taken on a raid into your family. Órè apá ɨltʉ́ŋáná ɔáruní tɔɔ́ njiorín náà kɛ́yɛlɨ́. People gotten from raids are adopted. (Pk).

4 • plunder.

o-yemonet Acc pl: i-yemoneta. n. Arrow.

ɛ-yɛ́nátá n. Knot. See: a-ɛ́n ‘To tie’.

a-yɛŋɨyɛŋá [North]: yɛŋɨɛŋá. [Chamus]: yɛŋɛɛŋá. v. 1 • To take a rest. Káŋás ayɛŋiyɛŋá amʉ̂ átánáʉ́rɛ̀. I am first taking a rest because I am tired. (Pk).

2 • To be relaxed. ɔltʉŋánì ɔyɛŋɨ́yɛŋa a person who is relaxed (who takes a rest). LING: There is no synchronic root *yɛŋ.

ɔ-yɛ́rátá Nom sg: ɔ-yɛratá. Acc pl: ɨ-yɛrát. Nom pl: ɨ-yɛrát. [Purko] Acc pl: ɨ-yarát. [Purko] Nom pl: ɨ-yarát. n. Valley. Ɛ́ntɛ̀rɛ̀ʉ̀ ɨntaré ɔyɛ́rátá. Take the goats to the valley. (Pk). Usage: ɔ-yɛ́rátá is shallower than e-nóŋótó. LING: There is no synchronic root *yɛr. See: m-púkúròtò ‘Valley’; e-nóŋótó ‘Valley’; e-úlulû ‘Valley’.

Yɛ́sʉ̂ [West] [South] Acc sg: Yɛ́sʉ̀. Nom sg: Yɛ́sʉ̂. n.prop. Jesus.

a-yewuo v.pf. Variant of -ewuo, perfect/perfective verb root for 'come'. Áyéwùò ayíé olkér láló ayɨ́ɛ́ŋ. I have come to get a castrated ram from him to slaughter. (Pk). Eyéwùò oltúlèt tɔ́rrɔnɔ̂ ɛnkɔ́p lɛ́mɛ́yányìt inkɛ́râ intóiwúó. A bad generation has come to the world where children do not respect parents. (Pk). See: a-lotú ‘To come’.

ɔ-yɛ́yáɨ́ [West] n. [West] Porcupine. See: ɔ-yɨ́yáɨ́ ‘Porcupine’.

a-yeyú v. 1 • To stop from letting out milk or water; go dry (of animals or women lactating, a spring of water). Ɛgɨ́rà ɛnkɨ́tɛ̀ŋ ayeyú amʉ̂ imeékure ɛ́átâ kʉlɛ́. The cow is about to stop letting out milk because it does not have more milk.

2 • To swell. Áagɨrâ ɛnkaɨná ayeyú. My arm is swelling. (Pk). See: e-yó ‘It has gone dry (of milk)’; a-poŋú ‘To swell (stomach)’.

-yi [North] asp. [North] Inceptive aspect; dialect variant of -ú(n). Kóŋóròyì. It can be stabbed. (SN). See: -ú ‘Inceptive suffix, Central Maa’.

a-yɨ́k₁ v. To place sth. on top of sth. else. Ɛgɨ́rà ɔlpáyìàn ayɨ́k eŋúdì tɛ̀ shʉmatá ɛnkájì. The man is placing the stick on top of the roof of the house. (Pk). LING: It is difficult to tell whether this is /ayɨ́k/ or /aɨ́k/.

ɛ-yɨ́kátá ɔɔ́ rúátìn Raising of the beds. See: a-ɨ́k ‘To suspend, hang up’; a-ililí ‘To suspend’.

a-yɨ́k₂ v. To overcook. Ɛ́ɨ́torrónô ɛncɔlatá ɛ́nà ɨ́látá amʉ̂ ɛ̀yɨ̀kà. The melting of this fat is bad because it is overcooked. (Pk).

ɛ-yɨkáì v. 1 • Elevation. Órè ɛyɨkáì ɛ́lɛ̀ dóínyó náà áɨ́tɔrrɔ́nɔ̂. The elevation of this hill is bad. (Pk).

2 • Pride. Órè taá siî nɨnyɛ́ ɛyɨkáì nɛ́mɛ́ɨ́shɔ ɔltʉŋánì eboitarɛ́ ilkulíè. Pride does not let someone stay well with others. (Pk). Syn: ol-wuasá ‘Pride’; ɛ-ŋɨ́dà ‘Pride’. See: a-ɨk ‘To suspend, hang up’.

a-yɨ́m v.prog. To pass through. See: a-ɨ́m ‘To pass through’.

a-yɨmakɨ́ v. To discuss, mention, talk about sth. Ágɨ́rà ayɨmakɨ́. I am talking about/discussing it. (W). Áayɨmákɨ̀. He will talk about me. (W). Kɨ́ɨ́makɨ́. [kɪ́ɪ́màkɪ́, two initial moras] He will talk about you. (W). Kɨ́ɨ́maka ŋolé. He talked about you yesterday. (W). Kɨ́shɔmɔ́ entúmò áàyɨ̀ɨ̀màkɨ̀ enekinkô tenékìtùm iropiyianí. We went to the meeting to discuss how we will get the funds. (W). See: a-ɨmakɨ́ ‘To mention, expose’.

yɨ́yáí₁ adj. Black and white pattern. Ɨ́ncɔɔ́kɨ̀ ɛndâ kɨlâ yɨ́yáí maishópò. Give (me) that cloth with black and white pattern to wear. (Pk). See: ɔ-yɨ́yáí ‘Porcupine’.

ɔ-yɨ́yáí₂ Nom sg: ɔ-yɨyáí. Acc pl: ɨ-yɨ́yà. Nom pl: ɨ-yɨ́yâ. [West] Acc sg: ɔ-yɛ́yáɨ́. n. Porcupine. Kɛ́pɨ́ ɔshɨ̂ ɨmbáâ ɔ́ yɨ́yáí. [ɔ́yɪ̄yāɪ̄] The spines of a porcupine are sharp. See: ɔ-yɔ́yáí ‘Porcupine’.

e-yó v.pf. It has gone dry (of milk). See: a-yeyú ‘To go dry’.

a-yɔgɨyɔ́g [West]: a-yogiyóg. v.prog. To be restless. Ɨ́ntàshɔ̀ doí, míntókì ayɔgɨyɔ́g. Stand still, don't go all over the place. (W). Eyógíyógítò ~ Ɛyɔ́gɨ́yɔ́gɨ́tà. He is being restless (e.g. a student sitting in a classroom seat). (W). LING: W allows either + or -ATR form (tested with progressive suffix).

a-yók v.prog. To go early in the morning. Most typically this verb implies leaving the house, going out of the house, early in the morning. Káyok aló sukúùl. I will go early in the morning to school. Néyòk aár ɨlkʉlɨ́kaɨ. Very early in the morning he went to fight the others. LING: The preceding example implies that he indeed found the others; it cannot be followed by'but he did not find them'. Ɛ́táyóó ajó áár ɨlkʉlɨ́kaɨ nɛ́ɨ́tʉ̀ ɛ́ɨ́nɛ́pɨ̀. He went early in the morning and attempted to fight the others but did not find them. Éyókítò sukúùl. He is going early in the morning to school. (W). Eyókíyókítò. He continuously goes early in the morning, every morning. (W). Átáyòò. I have gone early. Ɛ́táyóó. He/she has gone early. Táyòò! Go early! Ɛnâ taá ɛntɔnatá ɔ́ɔ lɔmɔ́n ncɛ́rɛ̀ mátayookinotó tenê. This is the conclusion of the conversation, that we meet in the morning right here. (Pk). See: a-yookí ‘To go somewhere early’.

-yoo v.pf. Perfect(ive) and subjunctive form of a-yók; to have gone early. LING: The regular phonological rule deleting /k/ between o -- o and between a -- a accounts for the surface form yoo. See: a-yók ‘To go early’.

a-yookí v v.aux+simple-infinitive. do.early.

1 • To go to a specific place early in the morning. Táyookókì peê kípúó. Get to me very early in the morning so that we can go. (Pk). Áyóókì Naɨrɔ́bɨ̀. I will get to Nairobi very early in the morning. Áyóókì ɔ́lɛ̂ Sánkàn. I will get to Ole Sankan very early in the morning. Eyoókini ɔ́lɛ̂ Sánkàn. Ole Sankan will be reached early in the morning. Eyookíno inkítùààk. Women will visit each other in the morning.

2 • To do sth. early in the morning. Néyookí aár ɨlkʉlɨ́kaɨ. Very early in the morning he fought the others. Ɛtayoóko aár ɨlkʉlɨ́kaɨ He went early in the morning to fight the others Early in the morning he fought the others. Ɛtayoóko ajó áár ɨlkʉlɨ́kaɨ nɛ́ɨ́tʉ̀ ɛ́ɨ́nɛ́pɨ̀ He attempted to fight the others in the morning but did not find them He attempted to go early in the morning and fight the others but did not find them. Káyóókì ɨ́nâ síáàì I will do that work in the morning. Eyoókini esíáàì Work will be done early in the morning.

LING: Apparently one cannot form the Middle from this Dative formation (*eyookino), underscoring its intransitive nature. See: a-yók ‘To go early to do something’.

yóopè [South] n. [South] Corner of a woman's skirt. See: ol-cólòì ‘Corner of a cloth’.

a-yɔ́p v. 1 • To cover; variant of a-ɨyɔ́p.

2 • To have intercourse.

ɔ-yɔ́yáí Nom sg: ɔ-yɔyáí. Acc pl: ɨ-yɔyaîn. Nom pl: ɨ-yɔ́yaîn. n. Porcupine. See: ɔ-yɨ́yáí ‘Porcupine’.

a-yúk v.prog. To swing, wield, wave sth. Ɛgɨ́rà ɛnkáyíóní ayúk eŋúdì. The boy is swinging/wielding a stick. (Pk). Áyúkítò olosírì. I am swinging a rope. (W). Lɛ́ldɛ́ ɔltʉŋánì lɨ́kɨ́gɨ́rà ayúk ánàà ékíyíóló. There is someone waving at you as if he knows you. (Pk). Áyúkítò ɛnkáíná. I am waving. (W). In W, áyúkítò, without enkáíná following, is understood to mean 'I am swinging sth. (e.g. a club)'. The default meaning is not that one is waving one's own hand.

a-yupuyúp Variant: a-ipiíp. v. To be in flames; ablaze. See: a-ipiíp ‘To be in flames’.

a-yutuyút [Purko] v. [Purko] To rub. See: a-utu'út ‘To grind’.