fighting

a-ár₁ PF: tara. v.prog. 1 • To beat. Ɛárɨ́tà ɔlŋatúny olóítíkó. The lion is attacking the zebra. (W). Ɛ́táárá ɔlpáyìàn ɛnkɛ́ráí naɨmalɨ́mala. The man has beaten the child who has misbehaved. Táàrà ɨ̀nà kɨ́tɛ́ŋ mɛshɔ́mɔ̀ aɨŋuá kʉ́tʉ́k-ají. Beat that cow so it leaves the door of the house.

2 • To harm. Kɛ́ar doí iyíóók ɛlɛ̂ tʉ́ŋání. This person is indeed going to harm us (perhaps verbally or physically, or even kill us). (Pk). Ɛ́táárá ɔlɔ́ɨ́ŋɔ́nɨ́ ɔlɨkáɨ́ agɨ́l ɛnkɛjʉ́ The bull has harmed the other one by breaking its le.g.

3 • To verbally expose someone's guilt. Ɛ́táárá tɛ̀ nkutúk aɨmakɨ́ entorróni ɛnyɛ́. He has beaten him with the mouth to tell about his bad deeds. Tɛ̀ nkʉtʉ́k aké ɛ́táárá ayɨmakɨ́ ɛntorróní ɛnyɛ́ pɔɔkɨ́. It is only by mouth that he beat him to expose all his wrongdoing.

4 • [North] To reach as far as (as a radio transmitter capable of hitting Nairobi).

5 • Fought (PF). LING: táárà.

áà-rà v.mid.pl. To fight. Ɛtaáràtɛ̀ ŋolé. They fought (physically) yesterday. (Pk). Míntikíkì áàrà pɛ́shɔ̀. Stop fighting for no cause. (Pk). Ɛ́tɔ́ná ŋolé áàrà tɔɔ́ nkʉtʉkíé ɔmɛtádóí ɛnkɔ́lɔ̀ŋ. They kept fighting verbally until the sun went down. (Pk). Kɨ́ará. We are fighting one another. (W).

a-ararɛ́ v.dir v.appl. To fight against sth. such as a person, idea, or policy; fight with, struggle with. Ɛtáràrɛ̀ ɔmɛ́ɨ́dimʉ́ kɛnyá. He fought against it until he won at long last. Órè tɛ̀ nkɛ́shâ ínyí ɨararɛ́rɛ̀ iŋók in your struggle against sin (lit: in your fighting with sin). Táàràrɛ̀ ɔmɨ́kɨ́tápálà. Fight with him until he stops fighting you.

a-ariár 1 • To beat and beat.

2 • To beat gently.

ɛ-ároyú Takeable-away by force. Ɛároyú kʉnâ kíshù amʉ̂ éísidaîn olêŋ. These cows can be taken away by force because they are so good. LING: The infinitive *a-aroyú does not exist.

a-araá To drive away. Kɛ́aráà ɛlɛ́ páyìàn ɛnkɛ́ráí ɛnyɛ́ tò roréí This man is going to drive away his child by his compaint.

a-arʉ́ To beat towards the speaker. Ɛarʉ́ ɛnkáyíóní inkíshú tɛ̀ oréyìèt. The boy will beat the cows from the river. Ɛarúno inkíshù tɛ̀ oréyìèt. Cows have been beaten out of the river . Ɛarúnoyú inkíshù tɛ̀ oréyìèt. Cows can be beaten out of the river. Ɛtɔ́rɔ́pá lpáyìàn látíá ɛnyɛ́ aishó ntáré payîê mélíkóò áàjò nɨnyɛ́ ɔ́tarúá nkíshú. The man has bribed his neighbours by giving them goats so that they may not report that he raided/stole[lit: beat toward the pt. of reference] the cows. (SN). See: a-idóŋ ‘To beat’; a-óC ‘To beat’; a-ósh ‘To hit’.

a-aryé [North] To beat with.

ɛn-árà Acc pl: ɨn-araritín. Nom pl: ɨn-áraritín. n. Battle, fighting, war. See: ol-áràbàl ‘War’; en-jóré ‘War’.

áà-àrà Variant: ara. v.mid.pl. To fight, fight each other. Ɛtaáràtè ŋolé. They fought yesterday. (Pk). Míntokíkì áààrà pɛ́shɔ̀. Stop fighting with no reason. (Pk). See: árà ‘Battle, fighting’; a-ár ‘To beat, to kill’.

ɔl-arábànì [South] n. [South] Beater, attacker. See: ɔl-aárànì ‘Beater, attacker’.

a-ɨpák v. 1 • To perform (any) dance. ɔlapá sínkólio lɛ́ nkɨ́páátá, kɨ́mpàkìè apá kɨ́râ ɨlayíòk. the old song for the dancing ceremony, we use it to dance when we were boys.

2 • To dance before a raid.

3 • [North] To go from one place to another; patrol.

a-ɨpakíé To make dance.

en-jóré Variant: enthórè. Nom sg: en-jórè. Acc pl: in-jorín. Nom pl: in-jórìn???. [Purko] Nom sg: en-joré. [Purko] Nom pl: in-jorín. n. 1 • Raid (for cattle), war. Ɛ́táárá apá ɨnjorín. Long ago he killed groups of warriors. Toó jorín apá ɛtʉ́mʉtâ ɨlMaasáɨ́ ɨlkʉlɨ́kàɨ̀. It is in wars that the Maasai killed other sectors. (Pk).

2 • War party, war group. An en-jóré includes im-púót 'advance guard' and ol-tîm 'rear guard'. See: ol-áràbàl ‘War’; ɛn-árà ‘War’; ɔl-ámàyìò ‘Lion hunt’.

l-kátérr [North] Nom sg: l-katérr. Acc pl: l-katerrí. Nom pl: l-káterrí. n. [North] Raiding force. See: ɛm-pɨ́kàs ‘Raiding force’.

ɛn-kɨ́páátá Nom sg: ɛn-kɨpaatá. Acc pl: ɨn-kɨpaát. Nom pl: ɨn-kɨ́pààt. n. 1 • Dance before a raid.

2 • A pre-circumcision ceremony for senior boys. Órè táatá ɛnâ tókì najî ɛnkɨ́páátá náà entókì naɨtɔ́dɔlʉ olpólósíé lɔɔ́lpòròrì. And now this thing called the initial ceremony shows the boundry between age groups. The ɛnkɨ́pááta ceremony is organized by the fathers of a new age set. First, boys travel throughout the section's region for about four months calling for the new age set. A collection of 30-40 houses is built for initiating boys. The houses are located in one large homestead chosen by the ol-oibónì where the boys will be initiated. Before the ceremony, the boys' chief, ɔl-ɔpɔlɔ́sɨ̀ ɔr-kɨ́tɛ́ŋ, must be chosen. This position is considered unfortunate. The new chief is to carry all of his age group's sins. The day before the ceremony, boys must sleep outside in the forest. When early dawn approaches, the boys run to the homestead and enter with an attitude of a raider. During the ceremony, boys dress in loose clothing and dance non-stop throughout the day. This ceremony is the transition into a new age set, after which the boys are ready to be circumcised. (From: www.maasai-infoline.org Kakuta).

3 • Ceremony that involves dancing, to mark the transition between wariorhood and young elderhood. See: a-ɨpák ‘To dance, dance before a raid’.

n-catá ɛ́ mpɛ́rɛ́ Spear shaft. See: e-remét ‘Spear’; ɔl-ŋɛrrɛ́mpɛ̀ ‘Short-blade spear’; l-búnàt [North] ‘Very heavy metal spear’; pʉnat ‘Metal spear, Metal arrow with barbs’; a-rém ‘To spear’.

ɛm-pɨ́kás Nom sg: ɛm-pɨkás. Acc pl: ɨm-pɨkasîn. Nom pl: ɨm-pɨ́kasîn. n. Raiding force, warrior posse. See: [North] l-kátérr ‘Raiding force’.

im-púkì Nom pl: im-púkî. n.pl. Raiding groups. See: en-jóré ‘Raid’; ol-wúámpá ‘Raiding group’.

im-púót Nom pl: im-pûôt. n.pl. Forward group of a raiding or war party. Ɛshɔmɔɨtɔ́ impûôt áàìtùrùk peê ɛsʉjʉ́ oltîm. The forward group of the warriors is leading, followed by the rear-guard. (Pk). See: en-jóré ‘Raiding party’.

a-rasaá v. To raid, attack, make war on. Ɨ́kɨ́rasáà. We will make war. (SN). Ɛtarasakɨtâ iyíóó lmáŋatí. Enemies attacked us. (SN). Kɛ́rasakɨ́tà iyíóó lmáŋatí. Enemies are attacking us. (SN). Ɨ́kɨ́ràsàkɨ̀tà iyioó lmaŋáti táatá. We are attacking the enemies now. (SN). See: a-ɨtarasaá ‘To hand over’.

a-rayá v.mid. 1 • To love to be somewhere or have sth. against contrary forces. Ɛshɔmɔ́ Tom arayá Naɨrɔ́bɨ̀ hóó néyíéú enkítòk ɛ́nyɛ̀ nétií áŋ. Tom has gone to be in Nairobi even though his wife wants him to be at home. This could describe a cat which belongs to one person, but decides to stay with another.

2 • To cling or form an exclusive relationship with (e.g. a person, belief, geographical area, etc.). Ɛtaráyìè ntitó lmʉ́rránì wáshâm olêŋ. The girl has decided to have an exclusive relationship with the warrior she loves most. (SN). LING: sl says that ɔ́áshâm with a -ATR ɔ́ would not be bad to write. However, the contracted word definitely begins with one mora, not two. Kɛ́ráyà ntitó lmʉ́rránì. The girl will stick to (decide to have an exclusive relationship with) the warrior.

3 • To move to a man's home for marriage against parents' wish (of a girl).

4 • To take sth. by force (e.g. cows in a raid). Ɛtaráítìè lmáŋatí nkíshú. The enemies have raided/taken away the cows. (SN). Kɛ́ráyà lmʉ́rrân nkíshú. The warriors will raid the cattle. (SN).

sárkinisho Nom sg: sarkínìshò. n. The quality of causing tumult and serious fights, to the point that blood is shed or death results. Kɛ́ɨ́tɔrrɔ́nɔ̂ sarkínìshò. Picking serious fights is bad.

ol-tím Nom sg: ol-tîm. Acc pl: il-tímítò. Nom pl: il-timitó. n. 1 • Branches used as village barricade at night.

2 • [North] Main gate of kraal (manyata) through which cattle pass when going in and out to pasture.

3 • Rear group of a raiding or war party. Ɛshɔmɔɨtɔ́ impûôt áàìtùrùk peê ɛsʉjʉ́ oltîm. The forward group of the warriors is leading, followed by the rear-guard. (Pk). See: l-kirâr ‘Gate for people’; en-jóré.

ol-wúámpá Nom sg: ol-wuampá. Acc pl: il-wúámpan. Nom pl: il-wuampán. [Purko] Acc pl: il-wúámpàn. n. 1 • Cattle raid. Ɛshɔmɔ́ ɨrmʉ́rrân olwúámpá áàrù inkíshú oó nkúápì. The warriors have gone for a raid to bring cows from other lands. (Pk).

2 • Raiding group. See: ɛm-pɨ́kás ‘Group of lion hunters’; im-púkì ‘Raiding groups’; en-jóré ‘Group of cattle raiders’.

a-yɛ́l v. 1 • To smear. Tálàmà ɨlɔ̂ sɨkɨráɨ̀ míkíyélìè aké lɛlɔ sampʉlalɨ́ lɛnyɛ́nà. Stay away from that snail lest it smears its slime on you. (Pk).

2 • To smear something or some part of the body with oil. Ɛgɨ́rà ayɛ́l ɛnkɛ́ráí tɛ̀ ɨlatá. A child is being smeared with oil. Oiling is done with sheep oil, vaseline, etc., in order to soften the skin.

3 • To adopt an adult taken on a raid into your family. Órè apá ɨltʉ́ŋáná ɔáruní tɔɔ́ njiorín náà kɛ́yɛlɨ́. People gotten from raids are adopted. (Pk).

4 • plunder.