anatomy

l-aibelâî [North] Nom sg: l-áíbelâî. n. [North] One of the protruding bony structures on a humans ankle. See: ɛ-nauré kokóyò ‘Bones on sides of ankle’; e-múrt ɛ́ nkɛjʉ́ ‘Ankle’; ol-ouré kokóyò ‘Ankle’; ɛ-rʉ́bátá ɛ́ nkɛjʉ́ ‘Ankle’; ol-oidólokî [South] ‘Ankle’.

l-aidélokî [North] n. [North] Elbow. See: ol-oidólòl ‘Elbow’.

n-áɨ́dɨ̀k ɔ́ ltàʉ̀ [North] Nom sg: n-áɨ́dɨ́k ɔ́ ltaʉ. Acc pl: n-áídikí ɔɔ́ ltaʉjá. Nom pl: n-áídikí ɔ́ɔ̀ ltaʉjá. n. [North] Soft part on the front of the neck. Syn: ɛn-áɨ́ŋàŋ ɔ́ ltaʉ ‘The soft part on the front part of neck’. See: ɔl-táʉ́ ‘Heart’.

ol-aidólòkì [South] [North] Acc sg: l-aidólòkì. Variant: ol-oidólokî. Nom sg: ol-aidólokî. Acc pl: il-aidólòk. Nom pl: il-áídòlòk. n. [South] Ankle. See: [South] ol-oidólokî ‘Ankle’; e-múrt ɛ́ nkɛ́jʉ́ ‘Ankle’; ol-ouré kokóyò ‘Ankle’; ɛ-rʉbatá ɛ́ nkɛ́jʉ́ ‘Ankle’; [North] l-aibelâî ‘Ankle’.

en-aigárà n. Diaphram. See: [South] ɛ-rapátɛ̀ ‘Diaphram’.

ɨnk-áɨ́k n.pl. Hands. See: ɛnk-áɨ́ná ‘Hand’.

l-ailéleê [North] n. [North] Lower part of the leg, below the knee; foreleg. See: ɔl-ɔɨlɛ́lɛɛ̂ ‘Foreleg’.

ɛnk-áɨ́ná Nom sg: ɛnk-aɨná. Acc pl: ɨnk-áɨ́k. Nom pl: ɨnk-áɨ̀k, ɨnk-áɨ́k. [Chamus] Acc sg: káɨ́nà. [South] Acc sg: káɨ́ná. n. Arm (from the shoulders to the fingers) of a person; includes the hand. Ɛɨbʉŋɨ́tà enkítòk ɛnkɛ́ráí tɛ̀ nkaɨná. The woman is touching the child with her hand. Ɨncɔɔ́kɨ̀ emboréɨ̀ ɛ́ nkáɨ́ná ɛ́ naɨsʉ́kʉ̀t. Give me a handful of salt. (Pk). Átárríê náakʉ́nyɛ̀ ɛnkainá. I fell down and my hand/arm became paralyzed/stunned. (W). An animal like a cow does not have ɛnkáɨ́ná. Etym: Proto-Lotuko-Maa *-kaɨn- 'arm/hand', from Proto-Eastern-Nilotic *-kaɨn- 'arm/hand' (Vossen 1982:326). Reanalysis of the root as aɨ, with singular suffix as -na and plural as -k apparently occurred in Proto-OngamoMaa..

ɛn-áɨ́ŋàŋ ɔ́ ltáʉ́ [ɔ́ltàʊ̀] Variant: ɛn-áɨ́nàŋ ɔ́ ltáʉ́. Nom sg: ɛn-áɨ́ŋâŋ ɔ́ ltáʉ́. n. Soft spot on front of neck. Syn: [North] n-áɨ́dɨ̀k ɔ́ ltáʉ́ ‘Soft spot on front of neck’. See: ɔl-táʉ́ ‘Heart’; a-ɨŋáŋ ‘To pretend to hit’.

ɛn-aipúkôî Nom sg: ɛn-áípukôî. Acc pl: ɨn-aipúkò. Nom pl: ɨn-áípùkò. [Chamus] Acc sg: kaipúkóì. n. 1 • Wing. Etúá ɔlɔ́jɔŋánì amʉ̂ ɛtɨgɨ́lɛ̀ ɛnáípukôî. The fly died because its wing is broken. Ɛtɨgɨ́làtɛ̀ ɨnáípùkò olêŋ. The wings are very broken. (W). Ɛátà ɛntɛ́kɛ̂ ɛnaipúkôî sápʉ̀k. An aeroplane has a big wing. (W).

2 • Section of sth. Ɛɨmɨ́nɨ́tà ɛnáípukôî oó nkíshú. A section of cows is lost. (W).

ɛn-aipúkôî ó ldóínyó Lower flank of a hill. Ɛshɔmɔ̂ inkíshù ɛnaipúkôî ó ldóínyó. [óldòynyò] The cows have gone to the section of the hill. (W). See: [North] nk-apúpôî ‘Wing’.

nk-aipúpôî [North] n. [North] Wing. See: ɛn-aipúkôî ‘Wing’.

ɔl-áɨ́rákují Nom sg: ɔl-aɨrákují. Acc pl: ɨl-áɨ́rákúj. Nom pl: ɨl-aɨrakúj. [West] Acc sg: ɔl-áɨ́rákúji. [West] Nom sg: ɔl-aɨrakúji. [North] Acc sg: arakújì. [Chamus] Acc sg: áírákújì. n. Kidney. ɔláɨ́rákují oshî ɛŋasɨ́ áànyà tɛnɛ́yieŋi enkíné. It is the kidney that is eaten first when a goat is slaughtered. Ɛátà oshî ɔltúŋánɨ ɨláɨ́rákúj aárè. A person normally has two kidneys. (W). Ɛátà ɨná kítòk ɛnkɛɛ́yà ó láɨ́rákúji. That woman has a kidney disease. (W).

ɛn-aɨsʉɨ́ Nom sg: ɛn-áɨ́sʉɨ́. Acc pl: ɨn-aáɨ́sʉ̀ɨ̀. Nom pl: ɨn-áàɨ̀sʉ̀ɨ̀. [West] Acc sg: ɛ-naɨsʉɨ́. n. 1 • Singed goat's head, sheep's head, or cow's head. ɛnâ aɨsʉɨ́ this head. ɛnâ naɨsʉɨ́ this singed animal head (The hair is burnt off so that the head can be cooked.) (W).

2 • Head, typically of a cow, sheep or goat. Etíi ɨlpapɨ́t ɛnaɨsʉɨ́ ó ltʉŋánì. There is hair on the head of the person. (In W, this term would never be used for a person except in an abusive way.). Ɨlayíòk oshî ɔ́ànyà ɛnaɨsʉɨ́. It is the boys that feed on the singed head (of a sheep, goat).

3 • Singed thing, that which is singed. See: a-ɨsʉ́ɨ́ ‘To singe, scorch’; ɛn-dʉkʉ́yà ‘Head’; ɛ-lʉ́kʉ́nyá ‘Head’; en-kúé ‘Head’.

ɔl-aɨshɨmɨ́ Nom sg: ɔl-áɨ́shɨmɨ́. Acc pl: ɨl-aáɨ́shɨ̀mɨ̀. Nom pl: ɨl-áàɨ̀shɨ̀mɨ̀. n. 1 • [West] Type(s) of tree with leaves or young branches that people chew and chew.

2 • [West] Sugarcane.

3 • [West] Part of a bone (e.g. hip bone) that, when cooked, is chewable.

4 • [North] Tree whose stem is used to make containers, e.g. gourds for milk. See: ɔl-ɔɨshɨmɨ́ ‘Bone part’.

l-ákʉ́nyá [North] Variant: ɔ-lɛ́lʉ́kʉ́nyá (K PK). Acc pl: l-ákʉ́ny. Nom sg: l-akʉnyá. Nom pl: l-akʉ́ny. n. [North] Brain. Syn: ɔ-lɛ́pɨ́rnyɨ́ny ‘Brain’. See: ɛ-lʉ́kʉ́nyá ‘Head, brain’.

ɔl-alâɨ̂ [ɔ̀làlây but -ATR] Nom sg: ɔl-álàɨ̀. Acc pl: ɨl-álá. Nom pl: ɨl-alá. n. 1 • Tooth. Ɛtɨ́gɨ́lá ɔlalâɨ̂ lâî. He broke my tooth. (W). Ɛtɨgɨ́lɛ̀ ɔlálàɨ̀ lâî. My tooth broke. (W). Ɛtɨgɨ́làtɛ̀ ɨlalá láinêî. My teeth broke. (W). ɨlálá lɔ́ ldîâ teeth of a dog.

2 • Tusk. ɔlalâɨ̂ lɔ́ lkáncáóí elephant tusk (Pk). Ɨlálá aárè ɔɨ́pɨ̀kʉ̀ bɔɔ́ ɛátà olbitírr. A warthog has two tusks that project conspicuously outside.

3 • Warthog's tooth that is chopped, smoothed, and put on children's necks as a charm.

3 • [South] Stone put on children's necks.

ɛnk-alâɨ̂ 1 • Little tooth.

2 • Triangular stone, shell, or tile used to adorn small children. This is worn around the neck (from birth?) until it wears out and falls off.

ɨl-álá lɛ́ kɛ́ràɨ̀shɔ̀ Primary "milk" teeth; teeth which are lost beginning around age 6.

ɨl-álá lɛ́ kishiáá Upper front teeth.

ɨl-álá lɛ́ mbúátá Lower front teeth. See: ɨ-naapɨ̂ tɛ̀ barɨák ‘Thin, sharp teeth’; ɔl-tagɨ́lɨgɨ́lɨ̀ ‘Molar’.

ɛnk-albúálì Variant: ɛnk-arbúálì; ɛn-kalbúálì. Nom sg: ɛnk-álbùàlì. Acc pl: ɨnk-albúál. Nom pl: ɨnk-álbùàl. n. Blood clot, clotted blood. Eturukúnyè ɔsárgɛ̀ eiŋúàà ɛŋɔ́ny ɛ́ nkɨ́tɛ́ŋ nɛ́ɨ́bʉ́ŋa aakʉ́ ɛnkalbúálì. Blood flowed from the cow's vein and it clotted. Kórè ɛná kalbúálì néíŋúáà endúŋótó ɛ́ nkɨ́tɛ́ŋ. This blood clot is from the cow's cut (injury). (W). See: ɔ-sáróí ‘Curdled milk mixed with blood’; [North] n-julótì ‘Fresh milk mixed with blood’; [North] m-poróì ‘Roasted clotted blood’.

(ɛnk-)áló Nom sg: ɛnk-aló. Acc pl: ɨnk-álòlì. Nom pl: ɨnk-álólì. n. 1 • Adjacent area bordering one side of an object; side. Káà áló? Which side? Káló ɛnkáló âŋ. I am going to our part (i.e. where we stay). Shɔ́mɔ̀ íyakákɨ̀ osóít otíí ɛnkáló ɛ́ndà ají. Go get me a stone that is adjacent to that house. Ɛitáshè ɔlpáyìàn tɛ̀ nkaló ɛ́nkají. The man is standing by the side of the house. A: Káá áló ítíi? B: Átíi ɛnkáló ɔ́dɨrɨsha é lúsíé. A: Which side are you on? B: I'm on the side of the window. (Exchange between A who is outside a house, and cannot see B who is outside on a different side of the house.).

2 • Direction, way. Tíà aló eímua? i) Which side did he pass him (on/from)? ii) Coming from which direction did he pass him? Ɛgɨ́raɨ áàdàm inkíshú mɛ́ɨ́nyià̀àrì ɛnkáló naiŋúáà. The cows are being turned so they return to the direction they came from. Káà áló ílóítò? Which way are you going?

3 • Side of the body. Íjó doí káníŋítò emíón tɛná aló. I am feeling pain on this side (of my body). LING: áló has a more prepositional/adverbial value when used without the gender prefix (see TM 43).

tì álò Beside, next to. Tì álò ɛndá ají apá etúá ɔlashé. Somewhere about that side of that house the calf died. amʉ̂ étéjó ɛnkaí memíkì ɛnâ sírì tì álò Abraham. because God said that He will not keep this secret away from Abraham. See: ɛm-bátá ‘Beside’.

ɛnk-alúɛ́nà Nom sg: ɛnk-álùɛ̀nà. Acc pl: ɨnk-aluɛnaní. Nom pl: ɨnk-áluɛnaní. n. Ear. Tóòshò taá tiáborí ɛnkalʉ́ɛ́nà. Hit him below the ear! See: en-kíòòk ‘Ear’; máróroi ‘Ear’; e-niŋét ‘Ear’.

ɔ́l-ámân kʉ́tʉ́k Nom sg: ɔl-ámàn kʉ́tʉ́k. Acc pl: ɨl-aamân nkútúkíé. Nom pl: ɨl-áàmàn nkútúkíé. [North] Acc sg: l-aman nkʉ́tʉ́k. [North] Nom sg: l-aman nkʉ́tʉ́k. [North] Acc pl: l-aamân nkútúkíé. [North] Nom pl: l-áaman nkútúkíé. n. Moustache. Sídáí ɔlámàn kʉ́tʉ́k lɛ́nyɛ̀. His moustache is good. (W). See: ol-múnyéí ‘Beard’.

ɛnk-amʉlákì Nom sg: ɛnk-ámʉlákì. Acc pl: ɨnk-amʉlák. Nom pl: ɨnk-ámʉ̀làk. [North] Acc sg: gamɨlák. [Chamus] Acc sg: kamɨlák. n. 1 • n. Saliva. Ɛtɔnɔtáyìè ɔlpáyìàn ɨnkamʉlák ɔ́lkumpaú. The man has spit out tobacco saliva. Ɛtʉnʉtáká olasuráí ɨnkamʉlák. The snake has spit on him. Ɛmayíán oshî ɨltásatí ɨnkɛ́rà ɛnyɛ̂ tɔɔ́ ɨnkámʉ̀làk. Elders usually bless their children with saliva. Átódúà ɨ́nâ dáà natɛyɨɛrákɨ̀ áàtùmòkì nɛ́akʉ káaɨtɔ́ŋ ɨnkámʉ̀làk. I saw that food which was well cooked, and I started salivating. (lit: ... and my saliva started to drip.) (W).

2 • n. A blessing. Ɛshɔmɔ̂ inkítùààk áàɨ̀ŋɔ̀rʉ̀ ɨnkamʉlák tɛ̀ manyatá. The women have gone to look for blessing in the ceremonial home. (W). This type of blessing is always administered by elders to warriors, women, children, fellow elders, etc. by spitting on to the person saliva and local brew (beer) or milk, which are mixed in the mouth before spitting it out.

3 • n.sg. One drop of saliva. Usage: rare. LING: The singular form is rare, referring to one drop of saliva. Syn: ɛ-máyìànàtà ‘Blessing’.

n-anyaálishôî [North] Nom sg: n-ányaálishôî. n. [North] Part of the head above the ear. See: a-nyaál ‘To chew’.

ɛnk-anyarátì Variant: nkanyorágà. Nom sg: ɛnk-ányarátì. Acc pl: ɨnk-anyarát. Nom pl: ɨnk-ányàràt. n. Phlegm, sputum. Ɛɨtáyíó ɔltásât ɛnkanyarátì náɨ́bɔrr. The old man coughed off grey phlegm. (Pk). See: ɛn-kíròkèt ‘Cough’.

ɔl-áŋáríé kɨ́nà Nom sg: ɔl-áŋaríé kɨ́nà. Acc pl: ɨl-áŋáríé kɨ́nà. Nom pl: ɨl-áŋaríé kɨ́nà. n. My brother, of the same biological mother. Kɛ́bɔ́r ɔlɔ́ŋaríé kɨ́nà. My brother is gentle. Ádɔ́l ɔláŋáríé kɨ́nà. I will see my brother. (lit: I will see the one with whom I share the breast.). See: ɔl-ɔŋaríé kɨ́nà ‘His brother’.

nk-apúpôî [North] [North] Nom sg: nk-ápupôî. [North] Acc pl: nk-apúpôî. [North] Nom pl: nk-ápupôî. n. [North] Wing. See: ɛn-aipúkôî ‘Wing’.

ɔl-arásì Nom sg: ɔl-áràsì. Acc pl: ɨl-arâs. Nom pl: ɨl-áràs. n. Rib. Ɨlpayianí oshî ɔ́ɔnya ɨlarâs lɔ́lkɨtɛŋ It is men who eat the bullock's ribs. See: [North] l-máràì ‘Rib’; [North] l-babák ‘Rib’.

ɛnk-arbúálì n. Blood clot. See: ɛnk-albúálì ‘Blood clot’.

ɔl-áróí Nom sg: ɔl-aróí. Acc pl: ɨl-árôn. Nom pl: ɨl-arón. n. 1 • Stomach. Usage: contemptous.

2 • Mean, unfriendly person. See: ɛnk-ɔ́shɔkɛ̀ ‘stomach’.

n-arrúlɛ̀ [North] n. [North] Strong neck muscle of a bull. See: ol-kúríáí ‘Strong neck muscle of a bull’.

ɛnk-ayá Nom sg: ɛnk-áyà. Acc pl: ɨnk-áyáítíé. Nom pl: ɨnk-ayaitíé. n. Stomach. See: ɛnk-ɔ́shɔ́kɛ́ ‘Stomach’; ɛnk-ɔnyɔ́rɨ̀ ‘One of the stomach's of a cow’.

l-babák [North] [North] Acc pl: l-babakîn. n. [North] Rib. See: ɔl-arásì ‘Rib’; l-máràì [North] ‘Rib’.

ɛm-báɛ̀₂ Nom sg: ɛm-báɛ̂. Acc pl: im-báà. Nom pl: ɨm-báâ. n. 1 • Arrow. Ɨ́ncɔɔ́kɨ̀ ɛmbáɛ̀ natíi ɛndâ móotíán. Give me an arrow that is in that quiver.

2 • Sharp spine. Kɛ́pɨ ɔshɨ̂ ɨmbáâ ɔ́ yɨ́yáí. The spines of a porcupine are sharp. (Pk).

3 • Matter, affair, issue, abstract thing. Órè ɛmbáɛ̀ naáíjó ɨ́nâ náà esíáàì ɔ́laríkònì. Such a matter is the work of a leader. (Pk). Etym: Proto-OngamoMaa *-baɛ (Vossen 1989:194).

ɛm-bátá₁ Nom sg: ɛm-batá. Acc pl: ɨm-bát. Nom pl: ɨm-bât. n.r. 1 • Side, edge. Álóítò (ɛm)bátá ó reyíét I am going to the side of the river (W). Ɛshɔmɔ́ ɨnkíshù bátá. The cows have gone to the edge. Ɛtɛrɛ́wáká ɔldɛrɛfáí ɛngárrì bátá ɔlbarɨbárà. The driver drove the car to the side /edge of the road. (W).

2 • Bank (e.g. of river).

3 • Beside. Etíí ɨláshɔ̀ ɛmbátá ɔ́ lkɛjʉ́. The calves are close to the river. (Pk). See: (ɛnk-)áló ‘Near to, beside’.

em-bélbéloi Nom sg: em-belbelóí. Acc pl: im-bélbélò. Nom pl: im-bélbelóí. n. Head. Usage: Slang. Syn: ɛn-dʉkʉ́yà ‘Head’; ɛ-lʉ́kʉ́nyá ‘Head’.

ol-boitai Acc pl: il-boita. n. Shoulder, shoulder blade. See: o-rôny ‘Shoulder’.

ɔl-bɔ́lbɔ̀l Nom sg: ɔlbɔ́lbɔl. Acc pl: ɨl-bɔ́lbɔlɨ́. Nom pl: ɨl-bɔ́lbɔlɨ́. n. Skull (of human or animal). Ɛtɛbɛ́lɛ̀ ɔlbɔ́lbɔ̂l lɛ́nyɛ̀. His skull is broken. Syn: ɛ-rakará ‘Skull’. See: ɛ-lʉ́kʉ́nyá ‘Head’; ɛn-dʉkʉ́yà ‘Head’.

ɔl-bɔɔ́ny Nom sg: ɔl-bɔ́ɔ̀ny. Acc pl: ɨl-bɔɔnyɔ́. Nom pl: ɨl-bɔ́ɔ̀nyɔ̀. n. 1 • Chin. Káame ɔlbɔ́ɔ̀ny olêŋ My chin hurts very much. Ɛtabatátɛ̀ ɛnkáyíóní néòsh ɛnkɔ́p tɔɔ́lbɔ̀ɔ̀ny The boy fell and hit the ground by his chin. (Pk).

2 • Jaw. Tɔ́bɔ̀là ɔlbɔɔ́ny lɛ́ nkìtèŋ. Open the cow's mouth by its jaw. See: ɔl-tagɨ́lɨgɨ́lɨ̀ ‘Jaw’; ɔl-manyaálishôî ‘Jaw’; ɛ-sɛ́dɛ̀r ‘Jaw’; ol-múnyéí ‘Chin’.

em-bukushi n. Knee-cap. See: ɔl-ɔɨbúrukúshì ‘Knee cap’.

ɛm-búlátí n. 1 • Stomach, intestines.

2 • Rectum.

3 • [South] Fat person. See: ɛnk-ɔ́shɔ́kɛ́ ‘Stomach’.

ɨl-bʉsʉbʉ́s Acc pl: il-bʉsʉbʉ́s. n.pl. Lungs. See: ol-kipíêî ‘Lung’.

ɛ́m-bútúà [North] Acc sg: m-butúàì. [N: mbùtúày] [North] Nom sg: m-bútùàì. n. Pectoral muscle, breast. Káayá mbútùàì ɛ́ tɛ́tɛ́nɛ́. My right pectoral muscle/breast hurts. (SN). See: em-putúàì ‘Pectoral muscle’.

n-cábár [North] Nom sg: n-cabár. n. [North] Congenital gap between two front upper teeth. See: en-ciláloi ‘Gap between front upper teeth’.

ɛ́n-cábô Nom sg: ɛn-cábô. Acc pl: ɨn-cábòn. Nom pl: ɨn-cabón. n. Penis (of human or animal). ɨ́nâ shábô that penis. See: (ɔ-)lɛ́wáíshò ‘Penis’; ɔl-pʉ́rkʉ̀l ‘Penis’; ɔl-pʉ́lpʉ̀l ‘Penis of animal’.

ol-cámá [North] n. 1 • Fever. See: ɔl-kɨ́rɔ́bɨ̂ ‘Fever’; ol-tikaná ‘Fever’.

2 • [North] Mucous.

en-ciláloi Nom sg: en-cílalóí. Acc pl: in-cilálò. Nom pl: in-cílàlò. n. Congenital gap between the two front upper teeth. No teeth are missing; the gap is natural. See: n-cábár [North] ‘Gap between two front upper teeth’.

ɛn-cílí é nkomóm n. Forehead. See: ɔl-pʉrâ lɛ́ nkomóm ‘Forehead’; enk-omóm ‘Face’.

ol-coní Nom sg: ol-cónì. Acc pl: il-conítò. Nom pl: il-cónìtò. [North] Acc sg: l-shoní. [North] Acc pl: n-conútò. n. 1 • Hide of an animal. Ɛ́ɨ́nɔ́sá ɔlŋɔ́jɨ̀nɛ̀ ɔlconí lɛ́ nkɨ̀tɛ̀ŋ The hyena has eaten the cows' skin. Eishopokíní oshî ilmerégeshi olconí peê mɛ́ɨ́tɨ́ámakɨ ɨntaré. Skin aprons are put around rams to prevent mating with the sheep. Olconí oshî eitobiríékì ɔlkɨlâ. Ceremonial skin is made from hide. Kákè egól ɛná rrúàt óò lonítò. But this skin bed is stiff. (Pk). Among the Samburu, an ɔl-coní was traditionally placed on the ground, perhaps with some bushes or leaves under it, as a bed. In some areas, raised beds are now made. This is generally true among the Maasai.

2 • Skin of the body or body part (e.g. foreskin). Ɛ́tápéjó olconí lioríóŋ ɛnkáɨ́ná ɛnkɨ́mà. The fire has burned the skin of the back of her hand. Usage: This noun is not used to refer to the "skin" or peel of a fruit..

en-coní Acc pl: in-conítò. Nom pl: in-cónìtò. 1 • Piece of hide or skin. Ɨncɔɔ́kɨ̀ enconí náɨ́táínyíé ɨnamʉ́kà. Give me a piece of hide for making sandals. namʉ́kà eé nconútò skin shoes (S).

2 • Small apron for rams, to prevent mating. Ɛtɨpɨkákɨ̀ olmérègèsh enconí A small apron has been put on the ram (to prevent mating).

n-coní ɛ́ nkɨ́jɨ̀ Decorated belt worn by warriors.

en-coní é nkíòòk Nom sg: en-cónì é nkíòòk. Leather beaded earing worn by married women. See: ink-onítò oó nkíyìàà ‘Leather beaded earrings’; ɛn-dapanâ ‘Sheep or goat skin’; ol-ónítóí ‘Hide’.

ɛn-coní ɛ́ n-kʉ́tʉ́k [ɛ̀ntʃòní ɛ́ŋkʊ̀tʊ̀k] Nom sg: ɛn-cónì ɛ́ n-kʉ́tʉ́k. Acc pl: ɨn-conítò ɛ́ nkʉ́tʉ́k. Nom pl: ɨn-cónìtò ɛ́ nkʉ́tʉ́k. [Purko] Acc pl: ɨnk-onítò ɛ́ nkʉ́tʉ́k. [Purko] Nom pl: ink-ónìtò ɛ́ nkʉ́tʉ́k. n. Lip. Káamê encónì ɛ́ nkʉ́tʉ́k. I feel pain in the lips. (lit: The lips pain me.) (Pk). See: e-nyírbàt ‘Lip’; [South] en-giremu(u) ‘Lip’; [North] sɔ́ɔ̀tɛ̀ ɛ́ n-kʉ́tʉ́k ‘Lips’.

ɛn-cɔpɛ́t Nom sg: ɛn-cɔ́pɛ̀t. Acc pl: ɨn-cɔpɛ́tà. Nom pl: ɨn-cɔ́pɛ̀tà. n. 1 • Lower part of the neck as it joins the body.

2 • [North] Blood from the jugular vein of an animal. See: ɛ-ŋɔ́ny ‘Vein’; e-múrt ‘Neck’.

ɨn-cɔpɨ́rɨ̀k Sg: en-copírikî. Nom sg: en-cópírikî. Nom pl: ɨn-cɔ́pɨ̀rɨ̀k. n.pl. 1 • Sperm (of human or animal). This is sometimes used as a very insulting abuse; but in its proper use the word is not offensive.

2 • Genital uncleanliness. Usage: metaphorical.

3 • Uncircumcised male. See: ɨl-kɨrrát ‘Sperm’.

en-cótó Nom sg: en-cotó. Acc pl: in-cót. Nom pl: in-côt. n. 1 • Side. encótó ɛ́ tátɛ́nɛ́ right side. incót pokírà ongúán naáɨ̀mʉ̀ osíwùò the four sides that wind blows from (refering to the East, West, North and South). Emúítà Páàpà lâî néjò olekitarrí ɛtɛ́ɛ́kʉ́nyɛ̀ encotó nábo. My father is sick and the doctor said that one of his sides is paralyzed. (W). Ɛgɨ́rà ɔlárɛwání lɛ́ gárrì aaraá encótó ɛ́ tátɛ́nɛ́ ɔ́ lgwɛ̂ peê mɛ́rʉ́s inkíshú. The driver of the car is keeping/fighting to the right side of the road so that he doesn't hit the cows. (W). Népuku orínka tɛ̀ ná shotó. The club emerged out from the (other) side (of his face). See: ɛ-mʉrtɛ̂ ‘Side’.

2 • One perspective or opinion on a matter in contrast to its opposite. Órè ɛlɛ̂ kɨ́jánáí ɔ́ ŋɔ́tɔ́nyɛ́ náà encótó nabô apá etíi pókíraré. The mother of this young man now they were both (together on) one side [of the controversy].

a-atá en-cótó To have a one-sided perspective; be partisan.

ɛn-dakɛ́t Nom sg: ɛn-dákɛt. Acc pl: ɨn-dakɛ́tà. Nom pl: ɨn-dákɛ̀tà. n. 1 • Mouth.

2 • Utensil for eating. Ɛ́yaʉ́ indakɛ́tà peê kɨ̀nyà ɛndáà. Bring the utensils so that we can begin eating. (Pk). See: ɛn-kʉ́tʉ́k ‘Mouth’; ɛ-nyɨ́rt ‘Mouth’; a-daá ‘To eat’.

en-dánù n. Spleen.

ɔl-danyɛ́t Acc pl: ɨl-danyɛ́tà. n. The first watery liquid that emerges when s.o. or sth. is giving birth. LING: The plural could refer to the watery liquid from several cows.

ɛn-dâp Nom sg: ɛn-dâp. Acc pl: ɨn-dápì. Nom pl: ɨn-dápî. n. Palm (of the hand), sole (of the foot). Ɛgɨ́rà ɛntásât aiutu'út ɨndápì ɔɔ́ nkɛjɛ́k. The woman is cleansing the soles of her feet. (Pk). Ɨ́ntɛ̀r taá aké adɔ́l nɛ́ɨ́lɛ̀pʉ̀ ɛndâp ɛ́ nkáɨ́ná. You begin to see the palm of the hand (observably) increase (in size). Áataremô orkíkùèì ɛndâp ɛ́nkàɨ̀nà. A thorn has pierced my palm. (Pk). LING: An animal (except for monkies and baboons) does not have an ɛndâp.

ɛn-dapanâ Nom sg: ɛn-dápanâ. Acc pl: ɨn-dápàn. Nom pl: ɨn-dápân. n. Skin, particularly of a small animal such as a goat, sheep, calf. Ɨncɔ́ɔkɨ́ ɛndapanâ náló aɨtainyíé ɔlkɨlâ. Give me a skin (of a goat or sheep) so that I can make a piece of clothing from it. (Pk). ɛn-dapanâ is typically used to make clothes, or straps for sandals. See: ol-coní ‘Skin’.

ɔl-dápásh 1 • A person with a broad body. This term is primarily used as a person's name whose body is big or broad. Eɛ́wùò ɔldapásh áŋ. Oldapash (lt. The Wide) has come home. (Pk).

2 • The wide open place (masc.).

3 • A big bed. This term exaggerates the size of the bed, and is not the traditionally-used term for the large bed in a traditional house. For SN, there is no indigenous word for 'bed'; rather, the Swahili term kitanda is used. Ɛ́tɨ́pɨ́ká orípíé oldápásh lɛ́máyíólò nanʉ́. He has put the unfinished a big bed that I do not understand. (Pk). Syn: e-rrúât ‘Bed’. See: a-ɨdapásh ‘To scatter’.

4 • Shoulder. See: a-lalá ‘Wide’; o-rôny ‘Shoulder’; e-rruât ‘Bed’; [North] l-korrór ‘Bed’; l-tápʉ́tɛ́t ‘Bed’.

ol-déímá Nom sg: ol-deimá. Acc pl: il-démáíshì. Nom pl: il-demaishí. n. Lymph nodes in the legs. See: ɔl-ŋárkanî ‘Gland’; en-tíkanî ‘Lymph node’.

ɛn-dɛ́rkɛ̀ny n. Hairless buttocks of a baboon. See: [North] l-ótìm ‘baboon’; ɔ-yɛ́kɛ̀ny ‘baboon’.

a-dɔ́ ɔ́ŋʉ̀ In some suffixed forms: a-dɔ́r ɔ́ŋʉ̀. v.s. 1 • To be fierce, angry and dangerous. This designates a complex of being brave, fierce-looking, serious; it is evident that when one designated by this and fights, he wins.

2 • To have a red eye. Usage: lit.

l-dɔ́rrɔ́p [North] n. [North] Upper arm.

ɛn-dʉkʉ́yà Nom sg: ɛn-dʉ́kʉ̀yà. Acc pl: ɨn-dʉkʉyaní. Nom pl: ɨn-dʉ́kʉyaní. n. 1 • n. The head of a person or animal. Etíí ɨlpapɨ́t ɛndʉkʉ́yà ó ltʉŋánì. There is hair on the head of the man. en-dúkúyà ɛ́ lʉ́kʉ́nyá [ɛ́lʉ̀kʉ̀nyà] forehead (W -K).

2 • n. The front (of a crowd, a line, front rows of students in a classroom); the "front" of a car where the driver and bonnet are oriented; the entrance to an ɛnkajɨ́ 'house'. Ɛɨtáshɛ̀ ɔláígúɛ́nání tɛ dʉ́kʉ̀yà entúmò. The chief is standing in front of the meeting.

3 • n. First in ranking (eg, head of the class, the top of a list). Ɛnkɛ́ráí ŋɛ̀n nátií dʉkúyà ɨnkulíè tɛ súkuúl ɛ́nyɛ. The bright child is first in his school.

4 • n. First in order. enkitók ɛ̀ dʉkʉ́yà First wife (first married; not first in preference or in priviledge).

5 • n. Head of a bed (or bedroom), where a person's head usually rests.

6 • prep. Before. peyíê étûm aáwà iyíóók dʉkʉ́yà ɔlaitórìànì so that he could take us before the Lord.

tɛ̀ dʉ́kʉ̀yà in front (of). See: a-iturúk ‘To precede’; ɛ-lʉ́kʉ́nyá ‘Head’; ɛn-aɨsʉɨ́ ‘Head’; en-kúé ‘Head’.

ol-dundúlà Nom sg: ol-dúndùlà. Acc pl: ɨl-dundulaní. Nom pl: ɨl-dúndulaní. n. Abnormally swollen navel. See: súrúm ‘Abnormally large navel’; ɔl-mʉkɔ́nyɔ̀ ‘Swollen navel’.

a-duŋó tàʉ̀ v.mid. To die. See: a-dúŋ ‘To cut’.

en-egól ɛ́ nkɨ́ɔ́ɔ́k [ènèɡól ɛ́ŋkɪ̄ɔ̄ɔ̄k] n. Hard cartilage in the outer ear which is cut out to make the lower ear hole in e-ségèrùà. See: e-ségèrùà ‘Ear lobe’; a-gól ‘To be hard’.

ɨl-ɛ́nyɔ́k Nom pl: ɨl-ɛnyɔ́k. [West] Acc sg: ɨl-ɛ́ŋyɔ́k. n.pl. Hairs of an animal's tail, like that of a cow or zebra. Restrict: Not for cat's tail. Níkìpùò áàdùŋùdùŋ ɨlɛ́nyɔ́k lɔɔ́ ɨlkɨdɔŋɔ́ lɔɔ́ isirkôn. We will go cut into pieces hair from the donkey's tails. See: ɔl-pápɨ́tá ‘Hair’.

en-giremu(u) [South] n. [South] Lip. See: en-coní ɛ́ nkʉ́tʉ́k ‘Lip’; e-nyírbàt ‘Lip’; sɔ́ɔ̀tè ɛ́ nkʉ́tʉ́k ‘Lip’.

il-góítíé Nom pl: il-gooitíé. n.pl. 1 • Chests.

2 • Lungs. Emueyíán oó lgóótíé A sickness of the chests (lungs). See: ol-goó ‘Chest’.

ɔl-gɔ́lgɔ̀l Nom sg: ɔl-gɔ́lgɔ̂l. Acc pl: il-gólgolí. Nom pl: il-gólgolí. n. Dewlap of goat or sheep. See: ol-teléliai ‘Dewlap’.

l-gólom Nom pl: l-golóm. n. 1 • Two finger-shaped projections that normally grow from the neck of a goat. Syn: il-telélia ‘Two finger-shaped projections hanging on a goats neck’.

2 • Tree species.

3 • Fruit of the l-gólom tree.

ol-goó Nom sg: ol-góò. Acc pl: il-goôn. Nom pl: il-góòn. [North] Acc pl: il-góítíé. n. Chest (of men or women). Usage: In some dialects (S) this term is appropriate for animals or humans. For others (PK), ɔl-kâr is the primary term for 'animal chest', though ol-goó would not be completely inappropriate..

l-aɨshɨmɨ́ ló lgoó Chest bone. See: il-góítíé ‘Chest’; ɔl-kâr ‘Chest’.

ol-gós₁ Nom sg: ol-gôs. Acc pl: il-gosó. Nom pl: il-gósò. n. 1 • The passage from the mouth to the stomach and lungs, in the front part of the neck below the chin and above the collarbone; ESOPHAGUS. Mɛ́ɨ́dɨ̀m atoijóì ɛndáà amʉ̂ kɛ́ya ilgósò. He can not swallow food because his throat ache.

2 • Passage way or opening through the bush.

l-gós ɔ́ɨ́bɔ̀r [North] Trachea.

l-gós ɔ́rɔ́k [North] Esophagus.

ol-gúsà Nom sg: ol-gúsâ. Acc pl: il-gúsàì. Nom pl: il-gúsâî. n. Swollen part of the body containing or secreting pus or some other fluid, due to infection, burn, inflamation, etc.; blister, boil. See: ɔl-dʉtʉtâî ‘Boil’.

en-gúsèt Nom sg: en-gúsèt. Acc pl: in-gusetí. Nom pl: in-gúsetí. n. Uterus, womb (of human or animal). See: ɛnk-ɔ́shɔ̀kɛ̀ ‘Stomach’.

ol-gúsíl Nom sg: ol-gusíl. Acc pl: il-gusiló. Nom pl: il-gúsìlò. n. Either of two masses of lymphatic tissue one on each side of the oral pharynx. Usage: Normally plural. See: l-kusuló ‘Tonsils’.

a-shʉ́m olgúsíl To look up.

a-ɨbɔ́rr ɔ́ŋʉ̀ v.s. 1 • To be immoral, promiscuous. See: a-ɨbɔ́rr ɔnyɛ́k ‘To be immoral’.

2 • To have poor judgment, not choose best of several options. Kɛ́ɨ́bɔrr ɔ́ŋʉ̀. He has poor judgement.

enkitók náɨ́bɔrr ɔnyɛ́k Prostitute.

a-ɨbɔ́rr ɔ́shɔ́kɛ̀ v.s. To be soft-hearted, compassionate, generous. ɔltʉŋánì ɔ́ɨ́bɔrr ɔ́shɔ́kɛ̀ compassionate person (Pk). Káaɨbɔ̂rr ɔ́shɔ́kɛ̀. I am compassionate. (lit: The stomach whites me/My stomach is white.). Kɛ́ɨ́bɔrr ɔ́shɔ́kɛ̀. He is kind-hearted/generous/emotional. (Pk). Kɛ́ɨ́bɔrr ɔ́shɔ́kɛ̀ ɛldɛ̂ payíán. That man is compassionate. (lit: The stomach [nominative] is white that man [accusative].). LING: This phrase occurs in an "external possessor" construction, with "stomach" as the nominative subject, and the "possessor" of stomach as the accusative object of the sentence. Additionally, in the idiomatic meaning, "stomach" occurs without its usual gender prefix. Ant: a-rɔ́k ɔ́shɔ́kɛ̀ ‘To be hard-hearted’.

a-ɨpûs ɔ́ŋʉ̀ v.phrase. To have a bad, diseased eye. Kɛ́ɨ́pʉ̀s-ɔ́ŋʉ̀ alɛ́ tʉŋánì. This man has an eye problem/has a bad eye. (SN). The eye problem is likely permanent and is visible to others. LING: 'eye' is in the Nominative, suggesting an External Possession construction.

ɛn-kalbúálɨ̀ Nom sg: ɛn-kálbùàlɨ̀. n. Thick, clotted blood. Tɔrrɔ́nɔ́ ɛná kálbùàlɨ̀ olêŋ. This blood clot is very bad, (W). Kórè eŋá kalbúálɨ̀ néíŋúàà endúŋótó ɛ́ nkɨ́tɛ́ŋ. [ɛ́ŋkɪ̀tɛ̀ŋ] This blood clot is from the cow's injury. (W). This does not refer to clotted blood that might be eaten, nor to clotted blood still in the body. LING: It would be rare to use this in the plural.

ol-kalbúálɨ̀ Huge big blood clot.

ɛn-kaldɛ́t n. Finger. See: ol-kimojínò ‘Finger’.

ɔl-kâr Nom sg: ɔl-kâr. Acc pl: ɨ́l-kárrî. Nom pl: ɨ́l-kárrî. [Purko] Acc pl: ɨ́l-kárî. [Purko] Nom pl: ɨ́l-kárî. n. 1 • Chest. Kétií ɨlpapɨ́t ɔlkâr lɛ́ldɛ̀ payíán. There is hair on the chest of that man. (Pk). ɔlkâr lɛ́ nkérr chest of a ram (Pk). Káayá ɔlkâr. The chest is paining me. (Pk). See: ol-goó ‘Chest’.

2 • The choice fatty upper part of the chest of an edible animal. There is a cultural presupposition that very important people in society can eat ɔlkâr. Thus, it is of note that it is often given to children.

3 • Affluence, wealth, riches, valuables; ablity to solve most of one's needs because of having resources. Kɛ́átà ɔlkâr olêŋ. He/she is very wealthy/has a lot of wealth. (Pk). Kɛ́áta ɔlkâr olêŋ mɛátà entók1i nɛ́mɛ́ɨ́dɨ̀m ataásà. He is affluent, he can do all things. (Pk). See: ɛn-kársísìshò ‘Wealth, wealthiness’; ɛ-síkàr ‘Luxury, affluence’.

ɛn-karbúálì Acc pl: ɨn-karbualin. n. 1 • Clot, coagulation.

2 • hard substance.

ɨn-kɛjɛ́k n.pl. Legs, feet. See: ɛn-kɛjʉ́ ‘Leg’.

ɛn-kɛjʉ́₁ Nom sg: ɛn-kɛ́jʉ̀. Acc pl: ɨn-kɛjɛ́k. Nom pl: ɨn-kɛjɛ́k. n. 1 • Leg of person or animal, from hip to tips of the toes. Nɛ́ɨ́rrɨ́kɨ̀ ɛnkáɨ́ná nɛ́ɨ́bʉŋ ɛnkɛjʉ́ enkitojó. He put his hand into it and he caught the hare's le.g. Ɛ́ɨ́sʉ́já ɛnkɛjʉ́ ɛnyɛ́. He/she has washed his/her le.g. Nɛ́ɨ́sʉj ɔlkítòk ilkípáárɛ̀tà ɨnkɛjɛ́k néjùt. The supervisor washed the feet of the messengers and wiped them. (Pk).

2 • Wheel or tyre of a vehicle, bicycle, etc. Ɛtadɛ́nyɛ̀ ɛnkɛ́jʉ̀ ɛ́ ngárrì. The tyre of the car has burst. (Pk). nkɛjʉ́ ɛ́ nkárrì tyre of a car (SN).

3 • Small river, brook. Tʉ́shumáí ɨ́nâ kɛjʉ́ amʉ̂ ítúm ɛnkárɛ́. Walk up (along) that small river because you will find water. (Pk). See: ɛn-kʉ́ŋʉ́ ‘Knee’; en-kúpès ‘Thigh’; ol-orôk ‘Shin’; e-múrt ɛ́ nkɛjʉ́ ‘Ankle’; ɛn-tɨ́ɨ̀s ‘Calf muscle’.

ɛn-kɨ́dɨ́mátá Nom sg: ɛn-kɨdɨmatá. Acc pl: ɨn-kɨdɨmát. Nom pl: ɨn-kɨ́dɨ̀màt. n. 1 • Ability, capacity, strength (to do sth.); power. Kéíshíákíno nɛ́yà intóiwúó náátà ɛnkɨ́dɨ́mátá ɨnkɛ́rà sukúùl. Parents who have the ability should take their children to school. (Pk). Kɛ́átà Moi ɛnkɨ́dɨ́mátá sápʉ̀k. Moi has a lot of power. See: a-ɨdɨ́m ‘To be able’.

2 • [South] Forehead. See: enk-omóm ‘Forehead’; [South] en-kirribó ‘Forehead’; ɛ-mʉnyáni ‘Forehead’.

ɔl-kɨdɔŋɔ̂ɨ̂ Nom sg: ɔl-kɨ́dɔŋɔ̂ɨ̂. Acc pl: ɨl-kɨdɔŋɔ́. Nom pl: ɨl-kɨ́dɔ̀ŋɔ̀. n. 1 • Tail. Kɛ́ɛdɔ́ ɔlkɨ́dɔŋɔ̂ɨ̂ lɛ́lɛ̀ ɔɨŋɔ́nɨ̀. The tail of this bull is very long. (Pk). ɨlkɨdɔŋɔ́ lɔɔ́ isirkôn donkies' tails.

2 • The last; among the last in a group, batch, rank; rear. ɔlkɨ́dɔŋɔ̂ɨ̂ lɛ́ nkilásì ɛnyɛ̂ oshî aké etíi ɛnâ titó, mḿɛ̀ ɛndʉkʉ́yà. This girl is always among the last in her class, never in the top. (Pk). See: ɨ-lɛ́nyɔ́k ‘Fly-whisk’; ɔl-kʉ́rʉ̀m ‘Anus, rear, last’. Syn: ol-mésútíé ‘Tail’.

in-kíík [South] Acc sg: in-kík. n.pl. Faeces; dung or waste of a carnivorous animal (dog, leopard, human), or of birds. Páà kéoshókì olówùàrù inkík ɛnkɨ́má. So then the beast sprayed faeces on the fire. a-tayú inkíík To defecate. See: e-modíêî ‘Dung’; en-korotík ‘Watery dung’; ol-okidoŋôî ‘Wet dung’; ol-kileléŋì ‘Dung ball’; ol-múrrì ‘Flat oval dung’; en-tulúgumî ‘Dry dusty dung’; ɔl-cálà ‘Heaped dry dung’.

n-kɨ́jɨ̀ [North] n. [North] Waist (of person). ìdìà kɨ́jɨ̀ that waist (SN). See: ɛm-pɔ́lɔ̀s ‘Waist, middle’.

en-kikokúá [South] n. [South] Elbow. See: ol-oidólol ‘Elbow’; l-aidélokî ‘Elbow’; ɛn-tákùlè ‘Forearm’; rʉbát ‘Elbow’.

ol-kileléŋì Nom sg: ol-kíleléŋì. Acc pl: il-kileléŋ. Nom pl: il-kílèlèŋ. n. Dung balls that are roughly spherical or rounded, and well-formed; from goat, sheep, giraffe, warthog, dik-dik, camel. Átódùàà olkileléŋì lé nkérr tɛ̀ muatatá. I have seen a spherical dung ball from a sheep in the fold. See: in-kíík ‘Faeces’.

en-kílintâ Nom sg: en-kílintâ. Acc pl: in-kilinaní. Nom pl: in-kílinaní. Variant: in-kilintaní. [Purko] Nom pl: in-kílintaní. n. Little digit: little finger, little toe. Ɛ́rá oshî inkílintaní oó lkimojík lɔɔ́ nkáík oó nkɛjɛ́k oŋúán. The little digits of the hands and of the feet add up to four. Áayá kʉná kílintaní. These little fingers/toes hurt me. (W). LING: Tone of Nominative Singular appears to vary according to tone of preceeding word. See: mógìrrà ‘Thumb’; nénkultóldìà ‘Little finger’.

ol-kimojínò Nom sg: ol-kímojínò. Acc pl: ɨl-kimojík. Nom pl: il-kímòjìk. [North] Acc sg: kʉmojínòò. [North] Acc pl: l-kumojík. [Chamus] Acc sg: kʉmojɨ́nòò. n. Digits; finger, toe. Áatuduŋó oltúpâ olkimojínò. A piece of glass has cut my finger. (Pk). Órè pɔɔkɨ́ kimojínò nɛ́ɛ̀tà oloisótoô. Every finger/toe has a nail. (Pk). Cows, dogs, lions don't have this. Primates and people do.

en-kimojínò Small toe or finger. See: nénkimojínoô ‘Sickness that affects the fingers making them swell’.

ɔl-kɨ́nà Nom sg: ɔl-kɨ́nâ. Acc pl: ɨl-kɨ́. Nom pl: ɨl-kɨ̂. n. Breast (of a woman); teat (of an animal). Kɛ́yɨ́mʉ̀ ɔlkɨ́nà lɛ́ nkɨ́tɛ́ŋ óíjìè kʉ́lɛ̀. The teat(s) of a cow that has just calved releases milk. (Pk). Káamê ɔrkɨ́nâ lɛ́tatené olêŋ. My right breast is very painful. entíto bótór o ɛnkɨtɨ́ títo nanakɨ́tà ɔlkɨ́nà an older girl and a young girl still suckling her mother's breast. Ɛnakɨ́tà ɛnkɛráɨ́ ɔlkɨ́nà lɛ́ ŋɔ́tɔ́nyɛ́. The child is sucking her/his mother's breast. Ɨlkɨ́ oshí oŋúàn óotíi ɛnyɛ́wá ɛ́ nkɨ́tɛ́ŋ náà aárɛ̀ oótìì ɛnɛ́ nkíné. The udder of a cow always has four teats and a goat has two. (Pk). Ɛɛ́tà inkíshù árɛ̀ ɨlkɨ́ ísíêt. The teats of two cows are eight. (Pk). Etym: Proto-Ongamo-Maa *-kɪna, from Proto-Eastern Nilotic *-kɪn- 'breast(s) of woman' (Vossen 1989:196), from Proto-Core *kɯn 'breast or chest, milk (v.)' (Bender 1996:85) or Proto-Nilo Saharan root *akó, *kó (Ehret 2001:477).

ɛn-kɨ́nà 1 • A special form of address to a loved one, e.g. a relative. Usage: affectionate.

2 • A small breast.

a-ɨbɔ́r kɨ́nà To no longer lactate (as when the calf is fully grown and the cow is no longer able to give a lot of milk). See: ɛ-nyáwá ‘Udder, breasts’.

en-kínyanyî Nom sg: en-kínyanyî. Acc pl: in-kínyany. Nom pl: in-kinyány. n. Muscle, tendon. Átúdúŋúó ɛnâ kínyanyî tɛ̀ nkɨ́tɛ̀ŋ kɨyɛŋɨshɔ́. I cut this muscle of the cow while slaughtering. (W). Átúdúŋúó kʉnâ kínyany tɔ̀ lkɨ́tɛ̀ŋ kɨyɛŋɨshɔ́. I cut these muscles of the ox while slaughtering. (W). Kégól enkínyanyî ɛ́ldɛ̀ kɨ́tɛ́ŋ olêŋ. The muscle of that ox is very strong. (W). Kégól inkinyány ɛ́ldɛ̀ kɨ́tɛ́ŋ olêŋ. The muscles of that ox are very strong. (W). Káagôl enkínyanyî (âî). My muscle is strong. (W). Káagôl inkinyány áinêî olêŋ. My muscles are very strong. (W).

ɛn-kɨnyɨnyɨ́rɛ́t Nom sg: ɛn-kɨ́nyɨnɨirɛ́t. [North] Acc sg: n-kinyinyérèt. n.sg. Sweat. Káɨ́tɛ́ɨ́tà nkinyinyérèt. I am sweating. (lit: I am removing sweat.) (SN).

en-kíòòk Nom sg: en-kíóòk. Acc pl: in-kíyiaa. Nom pl: in-kíyiaá. [West] Acc sg: in-kííyaa. [North] Acc sg: kɨ́yyɔ̀k. [Chamus] Acc sg: kéòk. n. 1 • Ear, of animal or human. Kéúdò ɨlMáásâɨ̂ inkíyiaá Maasai people have their ears pierced.

2 • Awareness, understanding. Tábòlò inkííyaa inónók; máíniŋinó oróréí lɛ́ nKáí. Open your ears; let's listen to the word of God. (W).

3 • Handle of a cup.

ol-kíòòk 1 • A big ear. Usage: rare.

2 • [South] Piece of wood (or elephant tusk) fitted on the lower earlobe. Syn: ɛnk-alʉ́ɛ́nà ‘Ear’. See: e-niŋét ‘Ear’; en-kulalé ‘Ear’.

ɛn-kɨ́páí₁ Nom sg: ɛn-kɨpáí. Acc pl: ɨn-kɨ́pà. Nom pl: ɨn-kɨ́pâ. n.f. n.f. Clear-to-yellowish mucous-like fluid in which the embryo is suspended inside the amnion; amniotic fluid; caul-fat; includes both the white and the yolk of an egg. The word has positive connotations. Usually used in plural form. Singular refers to one spot of the mucous or can be used synonomously with the plural. Táà ɨnkɨ́pà. May you bear children. (lit: Be amniotic fluid.) [A blessing, mostly said by elders.]. ɨnkɨ́pà ɛ́ nkɨ́tɛ́ŋ Amniotic fluid of the cow [This phrase is commonly used by men when swearing.].

2 • n.f. Affirmation that something is true. Restrict: by men. Usage: oath. See: ɔ-sámpʉ́lál ‘Slime’.

Lɛkɨ́pà, Lɛ́kɨ́páí n.prop. boy's name.

Nɔɔ́nkɨ́pà n.prop. Married woman's name.

ɨn-kɨ́pà ó lmosorî Egg-white.

ol-kipíêî Variant: ol-kipíéú. Nom sg: ol-kipíèì??. Acc pl: il-kipíéú. n. 1 • Lung, lung troubles.

2 • [North] One side of the body. See: ɨl-bʉsʉbʉ́s ‘Lungs’.

ol-kirati Acc pl: ɨl-kɨrát. n. Semen.

en-kírnyanyî Nom sg: en-kírnyanyî. Acc pl: in-kírnyàny. Nom pl: in-kirnyány. n. 1 • Tendon; inelastic tissue connecting a muscle with its bony attachment. Káayâ enkírnyanyî My tendon is aching.

2 • Muscle. Káagôl enkírnyanyî âî. My muscle is strong. Kégólí inkirnyány áinéi. My muscles are strong. See: a-ikirnyanyá ‘To pull against a force’; e-mórlóó ‘Tendon’.

ɨl-kɨrrát Nom pl: ɨl-kɨrrát. n.pl. Semen.

en-kirribó [South] n. 1 • [South] Forehead.

2 • [South] Face. See: enk-omóm ‘Forehead’; ɛn-kɨ́dɨ́mátá ‘Forehead’; ɛ-mʉnyáni ‘Forehead’.

en-kítíkítì n. 1 • Armpit.

2 • Tickle. Etym: Proto-Ongamo-Maa *kudikudi 'armpit' (Vossen 1989:194). However, Maa kitikit appears to be a reduplication of the root kit 'scrape.' Thus, the meaning of 'armpit' would be an extenstion from 'tickle' as the reduplicated form of 'scrape'..

ɛn-kɨ́tɨ́pɛ́t Nom sg: ɛn-kɨtɨpɛ́t. Acc pl: ɨn-kɨ́tɨ́pɛ̀tà. Nom pl: ɨn-kɨtɨ́pɛ̀tà. n. Upper side of the outer human ear. See: e-ségèrùà ‘Ear lobe’.

kɨʉ́tɨshɔ Nom sg: ?. n. Index finger.

ɛn-kɨ́yàŋɛ̀t Nom sg: ɛn-kɨ́yáŋɛ̀t. Variant: ɛn-kɨyaŋɛ́t. n. Breath. Ɨmɨdɔ́l áɨ́kata ɛnkɨ́yàŋɛ̀t. You can never see breath. (Pk).

ɛn-kɨ́yàŋɛ̀t ɛ́ nkáí [ɛ̀ŋkɪ́yàŋɛ̀t ɛ́ ŋk!áí] Holy Spirit. Órè oshî ɔltʉŋánì pɔɔkɨ́ óírùk ɛnkáí nɛ́ɨ́shɔ̀ ɛnkaí ɛnkɨ́yàŋɛ̀t ɛnyɛ́. Everyone who believes in God, God gives him/her His Holy Spirit. (Pk). See: a-yáŋ ‘To breathe’.

en-kiyíéú Nom sg: en-kíyìèù. Acc pl: in-kíyíéútìè. Nom pl: in-kiyieutíé. n. 1 • Fatty part of the cow, sheep or goat between the front legs.

2 • Special friend with whom a Maasai man will share the special meat en-kiyieu when ol-kiteŋ lɔɔ́ l-báà is slaughtered. He will forever become his most trusted and respected man. See: ɔl-ɔ́ɨ́kʉ́lʉ́ ‘Fatty part between the front legs when cooked’.

ol-kódónyó Nom sg: ol-kodonyó. Acc pl: il-kódóny. Nom pl: il-kodóny. n. Back of the human head, end of the skull. See: enk-omóm ‘Forehead’.

en-kódóós Nom sg: en-kodoós. Acc pl: in-kodoosí. Nom pl: in-kódoosí. n. 1 • Leg. Usage: contemptous.

2 • [North] Type of calabash made from wood used to store butter. This container is made from lókúdóŋít tree. See: en-kúkúrí ‘Gourd’; l-kantîr ‘Type of calabash made from wood’; n-conkór(r) ‘Type of calabash made from sisal fibre’; l-bolibólì ‘Type of calabash used to store fat used by a girl to oil her body’.

en-kóítóí ɛ́ nkɛ́ráí Cervix, birth canal. See: o-rrékíé ‘Path’; ɔl-bárɨ́bárà ‘Road’; munyororo ‘Road’.

en-korotík n. 1 • Watery dung, watery excrement.

2 • Fat. See: in-kíík ‘Faeces’.

kúb [North] n. [North] Long hair. See: ɔl-masí ‘Long hair’; ol-kújú ‘Long hair’.

en-kúé₁ [èŋkwé] Nom sg: en-kúè. Acc pl: in-kueishí. Nom pl: in-kúéíshì. n. 1 • Skull.

2 • Head of a person or animal. Ɛtɨ́pɨká enkopíyìà enkúé áí. They put the hat on my head. (W). ɛ́ɨ́bɔ́rr kúé [ɛ́ɪ́bɔ́rr kwè] white hair (lit: the head is white).

3 • Sense. Mɛátà nkúé. (i) He is not reasonable. (S) (ii) Dreams don't come true. (S) (lit: There isn't a head.). See: ɛn-dʉkʉ́nyà ‘Head’; ɛ-lʉ́kʉ́nyá ‘Head’; ɛn-aɨsʉɨ́ ‘Head’.

ɨn-kʉ́lák Nom pl: ɨn-kʉlák. n.pl. Urine. Nɨ́ɨ́tɛ̀rʉ̀ taá ɨnkʉlák áàrùkùnyìè tɛ̀ ɛncʉmatá ɔ́lcaní. The urine started flowing from the top of the tree.

en-kulalé Nom sg: en-kúlàlè. Acc pl: in-kulalên. Nom pl: in-kúlalén. n. 1 • Wooden earplug.

2 • Ear.

kʉlɛ́ ɛ́ nkíòòk Nom pl: kʉ́lɛ ɛ́ nkíòòk. n. Ear drum.

kʉlɛ́ ɛnkɨ́ɔɔk n. Ear drum.

ol-kulêt n. Root of a tooth.

ol-kulêt lɔɔ́ ɨn-kʉlak Nom sg: ol-kúlèt lɔ́ɔ̀ ɨn-kʉ́lák. Acc pl: il-kulétà lɔɔ́ ɨn-kʉlak. Nom pl: il-kúlètà lɔ́ɔ̀ ɨn-kʉ́lák. n. Bladder. Kɛ́ɨ́kɨtɨ́ olkúlèt lɔ́ɔ ɨnkʉ́lák lɛ́nyɛ̀. Its bladder is small.

ol-kúlùp Nom sg: ol-kúlûp. Acc pl: il-kúlùpì. Nom pl: il-kúlúpì. n. 1 • Mucous. Órè ɨsɨŋát ɔɔ́ ntarɛ́ náà ɛyáʉ̀ olkúlùp. The sneezes of the sheep+goats bring mucous. (W). There is a belief that the sneezing of sheep and goats may cause children especially to get sick with colds.

2 • [North] Foot and mouth disease. See: l-cámá ‘mucous’.

en-kumé Nom sg: en-kúmè. Acc pl: in-kume(i)shín. Nom pl: in-kúmèìshìn. n. 1 • Nose. Usage: sg.

2 • Nostrils, nose. Usage: plural. Nɛ́akʉ kéírímò ɔltʉŋánì ɛnkómòm nɛ́ɨ́sʉl inkúmèìshìn. Somebody will have a spotted face, and particularly the nose. (Pk).

l-kúndùd [North] n. [North] Muscle.

l-kúndùd lɛ́ nkɛjʉ́ Calf.

l-kúndùd lɛ́ nkáɨ́ná Muscle on upper part of the arm. See: ɛn-kírínyanyî ‘Muscle’.

l-kúndùd lɛ́ nkɛjʉ́ [North] n. [North] Calf (of leg).

ɛn-kʉ́ŋʉ́ Nom sg: ɛn-kʉŋʉ́. Acc pl: ɨn-kʉ́ŋ. Nom pl: ɨn-kʉ̂ŋ. [North] Acc pl: n-kuŋushí. n. Knee (of a human).

ɔl-kʉ́ŋʉ́ Place where the lower slope of a hill or mountain rises and then falls again before finally reaching the bottom.

en-kúpès Nom sg: en-kúpês. Acc pl: in-kupesîr. Nom pl: in-kúpesîr. n. Front of leg between hip and knee; thigh. See: ɔ-rɨtɛ́t ‘Back side of thigh’; e-múró ‘Side of the thigh’; ɔl-ɔ́rrɨshɛ́t ‘Lower part of the leg’; [North] l-kúndùd lɛ́ nkɛjʉ́ ‘Calf of leg’; ol-orrôk ‘Shin’; [North] l-ailéleê ‘Lower part of the leg’; [North] l-wuatán lɛ́ nkɛjʉ́ ‘Lower part of the leg’.

ol-kúríáí Nom sg: ol-kuríáí. Acc pl: il-kúrìà. Nom pl: il-kúrîâ. n. Strong neck muscles of a bull. See: n-arrʉ́lɛ̀ ‘Strong neck muscles of a bull’.

ɔl-kʉ́rʉ̀m₁ Nom sg: ɔl-kʉ́rɨ̀m. Acc pl: il-kúrùmì. Nom pl: il-kúrúmî. n. 1 • Anus.

2 • Lumbar region of an animal; buttock (of a person).

3 • Female genitalia, of human or cow ?

4 • Behind, in rank or in space (e.g., in the back part of a room).

5 • The last in rank. Nɨnyɛ́ apá táatá otíí ɔlkʉ́rʉ̀m lɛ̀ nkílasí ɛnyɛ̂. It was him who was last in their class. Syn: o-síádí ‘Anus, behind’. See: a-bayíé ‘To be last’; enk-orioŋ ‘Back, behind’; ol-túli ‘Buttock, behind’.

en-kúrrutî Acc pl: ɨn-kúrrut. n. 1 • [West] Inner part of ear.

2 • Ear wax. See: ɨn-kúrrut ‘Ear wax’; in-túkurrút ‘Ear wax’; [North] n-kutukurrukí ‘Ear wax’.

l-kusuló [North] [North] Nom pl: l-kúsùlò. n. 1 • [North] Heart muscles.

2 • [North] Cords at the back of the tongue that vibrate to make sound; vocal cords, vocal folds. See: il-gusiló ‘Cords’.

en-kushúâî Nom sg: en-kúshùàì. Acc pl: ɨn-kʉshʉ́. Nom pl: ɨn-kʉ́shʉ̀. [North] Acc sg: n-kucáì. [North] Acc pl: n-kucá. n. 1 • Temple; upper side-front edge of the face; the point or "corner" on the skull where the hair-line typically turns from horizontal to vertical. What is referenced is a point on the skull, rather than the edge of the hair-line per se (as shown by reference of the word to people who are bald, shaved, or have receding hairlines). See: ol-masí ‘Hair’.

ol-kútù Nom sg: ol-kútû. Acc pl: il-kútùì. Nom pl: il-kútúì. n. Dummy, skin of dead calf stuffed with dry grass; used while milking the cow.

ɛn-kʉ́tʉ́k Nom sg: ɛn-kʉtʉ́k. Acc pl: in-kútúkíé. Nom pl: in-kutukié. n. 1 • Mouth. Syn: ɛn-dakɛ́t ‘Mouth’; ɛ-nyɨ́rt ‘Mouth’.

2 • Language. Ɨ́ncɔ̀ɔ taá peê ɛlɨmʉ́ tɛ̀ nkʉtʉ́k ɔ́ɔlashʉmpá nɨ́ncɔ́rʉ̀ iwalát tɛ̀ nkʉtʉ́k ɔ́ɔ lMáásâɨ̂. If he speaks in English, give the translations in Maa. (Pk).

3 • Opening (e.g. top rim of a cup).

kʉ́tʉ́k-ají Door. kʉ́tʉ́k-ají ɛ darásà door of the classroom.

n-kutukurrukí [North] Nom sg: n-kútukurrukí. n. [North] Ear wax. See: in-túkurrút ‘Ear wax’.

ɨ-lálá lɛ̀ kishiaá n. Incisor teeth. Ɛtabúákɨ̀ ɛnkayíónì áàìtàyù ɨlálá lɛ̀ kishiaá. The boy had his lower incisor teeth taken out. (Pk). See: a-ishiaá ‘To be iconic’.

ɨ-lálá lɛ́ nkɨshɨaá n. Incisor teeth. Ɛtabúákɨ̀ enkayíónì áàìtàyù ɨlálá lɛkɨshɨ́áá. The boy had his lower incisor teeth taken out. (Pk). See: a-ɨshɨaá ‘To be iconic’.

laman kʉ́tʉ́k n. Moustache. See: a-manaá ‘To revolve, spread around’.

ɔ-lɛ́ sáɨ́nká [South] n. [South] Elbow. Syn: ol-oidólokî ‘Elbow’; ɔl-ɔpɨ́ lɛ́ ntákùlè ‘Elbow’; ol-oidólòl.

ɔ-lɛ́ɨ́nyúáá Nom sg: ɔ-lɛɨnyuaá. Acc pl: ɨ-lɛ́nyɔ́k. Nom pl: ɨ-lɛnyɔ́k. n. Hair from the tail of an animal. Máàpɛ́ aké níkìpùò áàdùŋùdùŋ ɨlɛ́nyɔ́k lɔɔ́ ɨlkɨdɔŋɔ́ lɔɔ́ isirkôn. Let's just go and cut into pieces hair from the donkeys' tails. See: ɔl-pápɨ́tá ‘Hair’.

ɔ-lɛ́lʉ́kʉ́nyà Nom sg: ɔ-lɛ́lʉ̀kʉ̀nyà. Acc pl: ɨ-lɛ́lʉ́kʉ́ny. Nom pl: ɨ-lɛ́lʉ̀kʉ̀ny. [North] Acc sg: lákúnyá. [Chamus] Acc sg: lʉ́kʉ́nyá. n. Brain. Syn: ɔ-lɛ́pɨ́rnyɨ́ny ‘brain’. See: ɛ-lʉ́kʉ́nyá ‘Head’.

o-lenkipa [South] n. [South] Vagina. See: ɛn-kɨ́páí ‘Slime; birth-slime’.

ɨ-lɛ́nyɔ́k Nom pl: ɨ-lɛnyɔ́k. n.pl. Hair of the most lower part of an animal tail, i.e. the tip of the tail; tail whisk. LING: There is no singular form for this noun. See: ɔl-pápítá ‘One hair’.

ɔ-lɛ́pɨ́rnyɨ́ny Nom sg: ɔ-lɛ́pɨ̀rnyɨ̀ny. [Purko] Acc sg: ol-oipírnyìny. n. Soft white part of the brain tissue, inside the skull. Kɛ́ɨ́tɔrrɔ́nɔ̂ ɔlɛ́pɨ̀rnyɨ̀ny olêŋ tenínyà. The brain is very bad if you eat it. The ɔl-ɛ́pɨ́rnyɨ́ny is thought to be very dangerous to eat. LING: Phonetically this is sometimes [ɔlɛ́prɨ́nyɨ́ny]. Syn: ɔ-lɛ́lʉ́kʉ́nyà ‘Brain’; l-ákʉ́nyá [North] ‘Brain’. See: ɛ-lʉ́kʉ́nyá ‘Head’.

(ɔ-)lɛ́wáíshò Nom sg: (ɔ-)lɛwáíshò. [North] Acc sg: lɛwaishó. n. 1 • Penis.

2 • Manhood, manliness. Ɛátà ɨ́nâ kítòk lɛ́wáíshò amʉ̂ nɨnyɛ́ náɨ́tòrɛ̀ ɛnkáŋ ɔ́pɛ̀ny. That woman has (the responsibilities of) manhood because she takes care of the family all alone. (W).

ɔ-lɔɔ́ntaléŋò Nom sg: ɔ-lɔ́ɔntaléŋò. n. Middle finger.

ɛ-lʉ́kʉ́nyá₁ Nom sg: ɛ-lʉkʉnyá. Acc pl: ɨ-lʉ́kʉ́ny. Nom pl: ɨ-lʉkʉ́ny. [North] Acc sg: lákʉ́nyá. n. 1 • Head. Etíi ɨlpapɨ́t ɛlʉ́kʉ́nyá ɔ́ ltʉŋánì. There is hair on the head of the person. ɔltʉŋánì oirówùà ɛlʉkʉnyá Quick-tempered person (lit: person who is hot the head).

2 • Brain; locus of senses, reasoning and thinking. Máyíólò tɛ̀ lʉkʉnyá. I can't remember. (lit: I don't know it by mind.). Syn: ɛn-dʉkʉ́yà ‘Head’; ɛn-aɨsʉɨ́ ‘Head’; en-kúé ‘Head’. See: ɔ-lɛ́pɨ́rɨ́nyɨ́ny ‘Brain tissue’.

ɛ-máál Nom sg: ɛ-maál. Acc pl: ɨ-maalá. Nom pl: ɨ-máalá. n. Dewlap. See: ol-teléliai ‘Dewlap’; ɔl-gɔ́lgɔ̀l ‘Dewlap’.

l-mancéú [North] Acc pl: l-manceûn. Nom pl: l-mánceûn. n. [North] Hair left on a boy's head ready for circumcision. See: ɔl-pápɨ́tá ‘Hair’.

ɔl-manyaálishôî Nom sg: ɔl-mányaálishôî. Acc pl: ɨl-manyaálishó. Nom pl: ɨl-mányaálishó. n. Upper or lower back jaw with the molars and premolars; the portion of the jaw that crushes food. See: a-nyaál ‘To chew’; ɔl-tagɨ́lɨgɨ́lɨ̀ ‘Jaw’.

ɨ-mányɨ́t n.pl. Intestines. See: ɛnk-ɔ́shɔ̀kɛ̀ ‘Stomach (plural = 'intestines')’.

l-máràì [North] [North] Acc sg: l-máràì. n. [North] Rib. See: ɔl-arásì ‘Rib’; l-babák [North] ‘Rib’; n-tɔ́ɔ́p [North] ‘Rib’.

ɛ-máróroi Nom sg: ɛ-maróròì. Acc pl: ɨ-márorò. Nom pl: ɨ-maroró. n. Ear. See: en-kíòòk ‘Ear’; e-niŋét ‘Ear’; en-kulalé ‘Ear’.

ol-masí Nom sg: ɔl-másì. Acc pl: ɨl-masîn. Nom pl: ɨl-másìn. n. Hair that the mother allows to grow after delivery of a child. See: kúb ‘Long hair’; ol-kújú ‘Long hair’.

ɛ-mátùà Nom sg: ɛ-mátûâ. Acc pl: ɨ-mátùàn. Nom pl: ɨ-matúán. n. 1 • Piece, part. Nájó ádɔ́l kórè ɨmbáà kúmok néíŋúàà ɛmátùà è oŋúán. I saw that a lot of items [questions on an exam] came from chapter four.

2 • Side; rib. See: ol-iaatúà ‘Internal wall of a house’.

ɔl-(ma)nyaalíshòòì n. Jaw. See: ɔl-tagɨ́lɨ̀gɨ̀lɨ̀ ‘Jaw’; ɛ-sɛ́dɛ̀r ‘Jaw’; ɔl-bɔɔ́ny ‘Jaw’.

ol-melíl Nom sg: ol-mélíl. Acc pl: il-melilí. Nom pl: il-mélilí. n. n. Small spur or range of hills.

2 • n. Ridge.

3 • n. Back of an animal's neck; nape. Kɨbarnʉ́ ɨlpápɨ́t lo lmelíl. We will shave hair from the back of the neck. See: e-múrt ‘Neck’.

ol-mésútíé Acc pl: il-mesútìàà. Nom sg: ol-mesutíé. Nom pl: il-mésutiá. 1 • Tail.

2 • Tail piece used to clean calabashes; wiper. See: músútí ‘Rag used to clean calabashes’; a-mesút ‘To clean’.

ɛ-mɨ́nyɔ̀r Nom sg: ɛ-mɨ́nyɔ̂r. Acc pl: i-mínyorrí. Nom pl: i-mínyorrí. n. Part of animal's intestine.

e-modíêî Variant: e-modíôî. Nom sg: e-módíèì. Acc pl: ɨ-modíók. Nom pl: ɨ-módìòk. n. Dung from a grazing animal whose droppings are not well-formed and which shows pieces of grass, often with fluid (e.g. elephant, cow, buffalo). See: in-kíík ‘Faeces’.

ol-mógìrrà Nom sg: ol-mógîrrà???. Acc pl: il-mogirraní. Nom pl: il-mógirraní. n. Thumb, big toe.

e-móínyúá [North] Acc sg: mónyúáá. Nom sg: e-moinyúá. Acc pl: i-móínyúáíshì. Nom pl: i-moinyuaishí. n. Liver.

ɛ-mɔ́nyɨ́tá Nom sg: ɛ-mɔnyɨtá. Acc pl: ɨ-mɔ́nyɨ́t. Nom pl: ɨ-mɔnyɨ́t. n. Intestine (large or small); entrails. Kɛ́ɨ́sapʉ́kɨ́n ɨmonyɨ́t ɛ́nyɛ̀. Its intestines are large. LING: The singular form would refer to one piece of intestine, e.g. as opened, cleaned, and prepared for cooking.

e-mórlóó Acc pl: i-mórlóíshì. n. Tendon, ligament. See: ɛn-kírnyanyî ‘Tendon, muscle’.

ol-mosorî₂ Nom sg: ol-mosorî. Acc pl: il-mosorîn. Nom pl: il-mósorîn. n. 1 • Big gourd. See: ɛn-dʉ́kʉny ‘Calabash for storing milk’.

2 • [North] Enlargment or swelling of the testicles, due to sexually transmitted disease.

e-mówúó Nom sg: e-mowuó. Acc pl: ɨ-mówúárák. Nom pl: ɨ-mowuarák. n. Horn. See: e-sékèkùà ‘Horn’.

e-mudóŋ Nom sg: e-múdòŋ. Acc pl: i-mudóŋò. Nom pl: i-múdòŋò. n. 1 • Placenta, afterbirth. This may stay with the mother cow for a long time. However, the mother could die if it stays too long.

2 • Kinship.

ɔl-mʉkɔ́nyɔ̀ Nom sg: ɔl-mʉ́kɔ̀nyɔ̀. Acc pl: ɨl-mʉkɔnyoní. Nom pl: ɨl-mʉ́kɔnyoní. n. Swollen navel. See: ol-dundúlà ‘Swollen navel’; súrúm ‘Abnormally large navel’.

ɛ-mʉnyáni Nom sg: ɛ-mʉ́nyani??. [South] Acc sg: mʉnyánî. n. 1 • Good fortune.

2 • Grace.

3 • Forehead. See: enk-omóm ‘Forehead’; en-kirribó ‘Forehead’; ɛn-kɨ́dɨ́mátá ‘Forehead’.

ol-múnyéí Nom sg: ol-munyeí. Acc pl: il-múnyò. Nom pl: il-múnyô. [Purko] Acc pl: ir-múnyùò. n. 1 • Beard, goatee. Ɛgɨ́rá áàbàrnɔ̀ ɨrmúnyùò. They are shaving each other's beards. (Pk).

2 • Moustache and beard together; face hair.

3 • Chin. See: ɔl-bɔɔ́ny ‘Chin’.

e-múró₁ Nom sg: e-muró. Acc pl: i-múríóshì. Nom pl: i-murioshí. n. 1 • Hind leg of a four-legged animal.

2 • [North] Part of meat given to neighbors after slaughtering a sheep or goat.

e-múrt Nom sg: e-mûrt. Acc pl: i-murtó. Nom pl: i-múrtò. [Purko] Acc pl: ir-murotó. [North] Acc sg: mʉrt. n. 1 • Neck. Ɛkɛ́pɨ́kɨ́ apá ɨlbɨ́kɨ́tɔ̀ ɨrmurotó ɔɔ́nkɛ́rà. Long ago shells of snails used to be put on children's necks.

2 • Chief's advisors.

e-múrt ɛ́ nkáɨ́ná n. Wrist.

e-múrt ɛ́ nkɛjʉ́ n. Ankle. See: ol-ouré kokóyo ‘Ankle bone’; ɛ-rʉbatá ɛŋ-kɛ̀jʉ̀ ‘Ankle’; ol-aidólòkì ‘Ankle’; l-aibeláì ‘Ankle’.

ɛ-mʉrtɛ̂ Nom sg: ɛ̀-mʉ́rtɛ̂. Acc pl: ɨ-mʉrtɛ̂(n). Nom pl: ɨ-mʉ́rtɛ̀(n). n. 1 • Side (of human body, herd, group of moving people, building, etc.).

2 • Strong muscle on the side of the human body between the ribs and hip bone. Káayâ ɛmʉ́rtɛ̂. My side hurts me.

3 • Muscle just in front of the back hind quarter of a cow. See: a-mʉrtɛná ‘To be on the side’.

l-mʉ́rrá [North]₁ Nom sg: l-mʉrrá. Acc pl: l-mʉrráshìn. Nom pl: l-mʉrrashín. n. [North] Penis.

ol-múrrì Nom sg: ɔlmurrí. Acc pl: ɨl-mɨ̀rr. Nom pl: ɨl-mɨ̀rr. n. Dung of an animal whose droppings are flat and roughly oval-shaped (e.g. donkey, zebra). The plural form is normal. The singular would refer to one piece of (donkey, zebra) dung. See: e-modíêî ‘Dung’.

ɨ-naapɨ̂ tɛ̀ barɨák n. Sharp thin front teeth (of human or animal); canine (sharp side) teeth. See: ɔl-tagɨ́lɨgɨ́lɨ̀ ‘Molar’; a-pɨ́(j) ‘To be brave, sharp’; ɛm-báríé ‘Jackal’.

e-naigárà [ènàyɡárà] Nom pl: ɨ-náɨ́gàrà. [West] Acc sg: ɛ-naɨgárà. [West] Nom sg: ɛ-náɨ́gàrà. [West] Acc pl: ɨ-naaɨ́gàrà. [West] Nom pl: ɨ-náàɨ̀gàrà. n. 1 • [West] Long muscle found just inside the ribs, connecting to the ribs on one side and the intestines on the other. A cow has two, one on each side. Etápéjókì ɛnaɨgárà áàtùmòkì. The ɛnaɨgárà has been roasted nicely. (W).

2 • Pancreas ?? The pancreas is not eaten.

3 • Fat around the spleen. See: a-ɨgará ‘To hide’; ɛ-rapátɛ̀ ‘Diaphram’; ɛn-tánu ‘Pancreas’.

ɛ-nauré kokóyò n. Protruding bones on both sides of the (human) ankle. LING: For some speakers this expression tends to harmonize to ɛnɛʉrɛ́ kɔkɔ́yɔ̀.

e-neímù ɛn-kɛráí Acc pl: i-néèmù ɨn-kɛ́rà. n. Birth canal. See: a-ɨ́m ‘To pass’; en-kóítóí ɛ́nkɛ̀ràì ‘Birth canal’.

nénkultóldìà [North] n. [North] Little finger.

ɛ-nɛʉrɛ́ kɔkɔ́yɔ̀ Nom sg: ɛ-nɛ́ʉrɛ́ kɔkɔ́yɔ̀. Acc pl: ɨ-nɛɛ́ʉ̀rɛ̀ kɔkɔ́yɔ̀. n. Ankle bone. Usage: human. Áayâ ɛnɛ́ʉrɛ́ kɔkɔ́yɔ̀. My ankle bone is sick. (W). kʉndâ nɛɛ́ʉ̀rɛ̀ kɔkɔ́yɔ̀ those ankle bones (W). See: ol-ouré kokóyò ‘Ankle’.

e-niŋét Nom sg: e-níŋèt. Acc pl: i-niŋétà. Nom pl: i-níŋètà. n. Ear. See: en-kíòòk ‘Ear’; ɛ-máróroi ‘Ear’; en-kulalé ‘Ear’.

ɛ-nyáwá Nom sg: ɛ-nyawá. Acc pl: ɨ-nyáwaitìè. Nom pl: ɨ-nyawaitíé. n. Milk-producing organ; udder; woman's breasts. Ɨlkɨ́ oshî oóŋùàn óotií ɛnyɛ́wá ɛ́ nkɨ́tɛ́ŋ náàà aárè óotií ɛnɛ́ nkíné. The udder of a cow always has four teats and a goat has two. Káamê ɛnyɛwá. My breast(s) is painful. ɨnyɛ́wáítìè ɔɔ́ nkíshú Udders of the cows. LING: The plural form is not normally used for humans. See: ɔl-kɨ́nà ‘Breast, teat’.

e-nyílás Nom sg: e-nyilás. Acc pl: i-nyílásí. Nom pl: i-nyilasí. n. 1 • Gap where tooth was unintentionally lost or did not grow. Syn: ɔl-kɨŋɛsʉ́ ‘Unintentional gap in teeth’.

2 • Meat.

e-nyírbàt n. Lip. See: en-coní ɛ́n-kʉ̀tʉ̀k ‘Lip’; en-giremu(u) ‘Lip’; sɔ́ɔ̀tè ɛ́ŋ-kʉ̀tʉ̀k ‘Lip’.

ɛ-nyɨ́rt Nom sg: ɛ-nyɨ̂rt. Acc pl: ɨ-nyɨrtá. Nom pl: ɨ-nyɨ́rtà. n. 1 • Gum.

2 • Mouth. See: ɛn-kʉ́tʉ́k ‘Mouth’; en-daket ‘Mouth’.

l-ŋárísé [North] Nom sg: l-ŋárisé. n. [North] Artificial gap created when the two front teeth are removed. See: ɔl-kɨŋɛsʉ́ ‘Gap in (upper) front teeth’.

ɔl-ŋɛ́jɛ́p Nom sg: ɔl-ŋɛjɛ́p. Acc pl: ɨl-ŋɛjɛpá. Nom pl: ɨl-ŋɛ́jɛ̀pà. n. Tongue.

ŋírò ɔ́ŋʉ̀ n. Having a brown eye, whether because it is the color brown, or has been somehow spoiled.

ɛ-ŋɔ́ny Nom sg: ɛ-ŋɔ̂ny. Acc pl: ɨ-ŋɔnyɔ́. Nom pl: ɨ-ŋɔ́nyɔ̀. [North] Acc sg: ŋɔny. n. Major blood vessel; vein, artery. Kɛ́ɨ́tɔrrɔnɔ̂ eŋôny ɛ́nyɛ̀. Its blood vessel is bad.

ŋotó-kílintâ n. Third finger. See: ɔl-ɔɔ́ntaléŋò ‘Third-finger’.

a-ó v. 1 • To bleed. Tɛ́ɛ̀nà enetuduŋó ɛnkalɛ́m méítokí awó. Put a bandage on the area that the knife has cut so that it won't keep bleeding. (Pk). Eô táatá. It will bleed (or leak) today. Kéò enkínè. The goat will bleed. Kágɨ́rà aó. I am bleeding. Káɨ́táò ɛnkíné I will make the goat bleed. Kéitáói enkíné. The goat will be made to bleed. Etawê. He has bled.

2 • To leak. Ínyíóò tʉ́mʉ̀rà ɛnkají méítokí awó. Get up and plaster the roof of the house so it won't keep leaking. (Pk).

3 • Blood clot. LING: Some of the inflectional and derivational forms of awó 'to bleed', aokú 'to ripen', and aók 'to drink' are highly alike, if not homophonous. Compare e(w)ó 'He/she will bleed' and eó 'It is ripe'; Kéókù 'It will ripen' and Kéokú 'She will draw (water).'. LING: TM have -wo.

a-woú To make bleed, tap (a vein). Níwóù ɔsárgɛ́ láí, You tap my blood. (KS). See: a-okú ‘To ripen’; a-ok ‘To drink’.

l-ɔdɔ́ [North] n. [North] Blood. Etym: Internal reconstruction and a-dɔ́-rʊ̀ for Lokoya (Vossen 1982ː411) suggests earlier *dɔr, though Vossen gives Proto-Lotuko-Maa *-dɔ- 'be red' (Vossen 1982:411).. See: ɔ-sárgɛ́ ‘Blood’; a-adɔ́ ‘To be red’.

ol-odúá n. 1 • Bile; bodypart. Náà ɨ́nâ mueyíán apá náàwá ɨltʉ́ŋáná kúmòk olêŋ aláŋ olodúá ó làmèyù. ... and that was the disease that killed many people, more than rinderpest and drought.

2 • Rinderpest.

ɔl-ɔ́ɨ́bɔ́rr-bukushi Acc pl: ɨl-ooiborr-bukushin. n. Knee-bone.

ɔl-ɔ́ɨ́bɔ́rr-kume n. Donkey.

ɔl-ɔ́ɨ́bɔ́rr-kʉtʉk n. Roan antelope. hippotragus equinus.

ɔl-ɔ́ɨ́bɔ́rr-murt n. Fish-eagle; species of bird. cuncuma vocifer.

ɔl-ɔ́ɨ́bɔ́rr-nyaalati n. Type of meat.

ɔl-ɔ́ɨ́bɔ́rr-tuli n. Thomson gazelle. gazella thomsonii.

ɔl-ɔɨbúrukúshì Nom sg: ɔl-ɔ́ɨ́búrukúshì. Acc pl: ɨl-ɔɨbúrukúsh. Nom pl: ɨl-ɔ́ɨ́búrukúsh. n. Knee cap. See: em-bukushi ‘knee cap’; ɛn-kʉ́ŋʉ́ ‘knee’.

ol-oidikidíkoré n. Pointing finger; toe next to big toe.

ol-oidólokî [South] Variant: ol-aidólòkì. Nom sg: ol-óídólokî. Acc pl: il-oidólòk. Nom pl: il-óídolók. [North] Acc sg: l-oidólokî. n. 1 • [South] One of the two protruding bony structures on each side of a human beings ankle.

2 • [South] Elbow. Syn: ol-ouré kokóyò. See: e-múrt ɛ́ŋ-kɛ̀jʉ̀ ‘Ankle’; ɛ-rʉbatá ɛ́n-kɛ̀jʉ̀ ‘Ankle’; [North] l-aibeláì ‘Ankle’; ɔl-ɔpɨ́ lɛ́ ntákùlè ‘Elbow’.

ol-oidólol Nom: ol-óídolól. Nom sg: ol-óídòlòl. PL: il-oidololí. Nom pl: il-óídololí. [Purko] Acc sg: ol-óídólùl. n. Elbow. Káayá ɛntákúlè mmɛ̂ ilkímojìk anáà olóídolól. My forearm hurts, not the fingers or the elbow. (Pk). See: ɔl-aidólokî ‘Elbow’; ɔ-lɛ́ sáɨ́nká ‘Elbow’; en-kikokúá ‘Elbow’; ɛn-tákùlè ‘Elbow’; rʉbát ‘Elbow’.

ɔl-ɔɨlɨ́lâî Nom sg: ɔl-ɔ́ɨ́lɨlâɨ̂. Acc pl: ɨl-ɔɨlɨ́la. Nom pl: ɨl-ɔ́ɨ́lɨlá. n. Shoulder. See: o-rôny ‘Shoulder’.

ol-oisótoô Nom sg: ol-óísótoô. Acc pl: ɨl-oisótòk. Nom pl: ɨl-óísòtòk. [North] Acc sg: l-aisótòk. [North] Acc sg: ais'ótòô. n. 1 • Hard material which grows at the ends of digits (fingers, toes), or for an animal on the end of the leg; claw, nail, hoof. Étúdúŋó ŋɔtɔnyɛ́ ɛnkɛráí iloisótòk. The mother has trimmed the child's fingernails. Órè pɔɔkɨ́ kimojínò nɛ́ɛ̀tà oloisótoô. Every finger/toe has a nail. (Pk).

enk-oisótoô Small fingernail. Usage: (contemptuous). See: ol-oisónkoróì ‘Hoof’.

ɔl-ɔɨshɨmɨ́ Nom sg: ɔl-ɔ́ɨ́shɨmɨ́. Acc pl: ɨl-ɔɔ́ɨ́shɨ̀mɨ̀. Nom pl: ɨl-ɔ́ɔ̀ɨ̀shɨ̀mɨ̀. [North] Acc sg: l-aɨshɨmɨ́. n. 1 • [West] Part of a bone (e.g. hip bone) that, when cooked, is chewable. Kétii ɔlɔɨshɨmɨ́ entolít nányɔ̀r ɨnkáyìòk áàtànyààl. In the hip-bone there is marrow that boys like to chew.

2 • [West] Sugarcane.

3 • [West] Type(s) of tree with leaves or young branches that people chew and chew.

4 • [North] Tree whose stem is used to make containers, e.g. gourds for milk. See: ɔl-aɨshɨmɨ́ ‘Bone part’.

ol-óìtò [Purko] Nom sg: ol-oitó. Acc pl: il-óìk. Nom pl: il-óîk. n. 1 • Bone. Kɛ́nyɔ́r oldíà ainɔ́sà ilóík oótoitô A dog likes eating dry bones. Etútúró ɨ́ná kítòk ɛnkʉ́rárɛ̀ aitayú ilóìk peê èyà aló asakutushoré. That woman has dug the grave to remove the bones to use them to do witchcraft. (W).

enk-óito 1 • Small bone.

2 • Emaciated cow; worthless cow. Usage: contemptuous.

l-óìk lɛ́ nkóríóŋ Backbone, bones of the back.

ol-óíyìòtè n. Last tooth (teeth) to errupt, at about age 18; wisdom tooth. This erruption is very painful.

enk-omóm₁ Nom sg: enk-ómòm. Acc pl: ɨnk-ómòmì. Nom pl: ɨnk-ómómì. n. 1 • Forehead.

2 • Face. ɛndâ omóm that face.

ó-síkíráì lɛ́ nkomám Forehead.

ɔl-pʉrâ lɛ́ nkomóm Forehead.

ɛn-cílí é nkomóm See: en-kirribó ‘Forehead’; ɛn-kɨ́dɨ́mátá ‘Forehead’; ɛ-mʉnyánî ‘Forehead’.

ɔl-ɔŋaríé kɨ́nà Nom sg: ɔl-ɔ́ŋàrìè kɨ́nà. n. His brother, of the same mother. See: ɔl-áŋáríé kɨ́nà ‘My brother’; a-ŋár ‘To share’.

ɛnk-ɔŋʉ́₁ Nom sg: ɛnk-ɔ́ŋʉ̀. Acc pl: ɨnk-ɔnyɛ́k. Nom pl: ɨnk-ɔnyɛ́k. n. 1 • Eye. ɨlpápɨ́t lɔɔ́ nkɔnyɛ́k eye lashes, eye brows (lit: hairs of the eyes). enconí ɛ́ nkɔŋʉ́ eyelid (lit: skin of the eye). Eímúá ɛnkɔŋʉ́ ilkíyìò. Tears dropped from the eye.

2 • Socket. LING: This can refer to various sorts of sockets (hip socket, etc).

3 • Spring of water, pool. ɛnkɔŋʉ́ ɛ́ nkárɛ́ a source of water. ɛnkɔŋʉ́ ɛ́ mʉny (spring of the rhino) is the name of the town, Ngong. The word ɛnkɔŋʉ́ has been anglicised to Ngong.

4 • bulb of a torch. ɛnkɔŋʉ́ ó sitímà Bulb of a torch.

kɨ́mà ɔ́ŋʉ̀ Bushbaby.

a-gól ɔ́ŋʉ̀ To be disobedient.

a-gɨ́l ɛnk-ɔŋʉ́ To squint.

a-dány ɛnk-ɔŋʉ́ 1 • To poke in the eye.

2 • To give a small piece of whatever you are eating to somebody (mostly a child) who is looking at you.

a-lɛ́j ɨnk-ɔnyɛ́k To pretend.

a-ɨbɔ́r ɔnyɛ́k To be promiscuous.

a-rɔ́k ɔnyɛ́k To be unable to identify people easily.

eniɔŋʉ́ Amazement; grimmace.

e-netoníé ɛnkɔ́ŋʉ̀ Eye socket.

ɛnk-ɔŋʉ́ ó loúdò The socket of the hip.

ɛ-náɨ́mɨ̀n ɛ nárɔ́k ɔ́ŋʉ̀ Total darkness.

ɛnk-ɔŋʉ́ ŋirô Sick eye.

ɛ-nɛ́rɔ́k ɛ́ nk-ɔŋʉ́ Pupil.

ɛ-nɛ́ɨ́bɔ́rr ɛ́ nk-ɔŋʉ́ Conjunctiva.

ɔl-pʉ̂s lɛ́ nk-ɔŋʉ́ Iris (of any color, including brown).

áà-rɨ̀pà ɨnk-ɔnyɛ́k Blind. See: ol-obóítà ɔ́ŋʉ̀ ‘One eyed person’; a-ɨrrɨapíé ɛnkɔŋʉ́ ‘To blink’.

ɔl-ɔɔ́ntaléŋò Nom sg: ɔlɔ́ɔntaléŋò. n. Third finger. See: ŋotó-kílintâ.

ɔl-ɔpɨ́ lɛ́ ntákùlè [South] Nom sg: ɔl-ɔ́pɨ̀ lɛ́ ntákùlè. Acc pl: ɨl-ɔɔpɨ̂ lɔɔ́ ntakúlèn. Nom pl: ɨl-ɔ́ɔ̀pɨ̀ lɔ́ɔ̀ ntakúlèn. n. [South] Elbow. .

ol-opide n. Clitoris; removed during female initiation.

enk-ópíró Variant: opíro. Acc pl: ink-opír. n. 1 • Feather. Kɛ́atà emótonyî inkopír aré naáadɔ̀ tɛ̀ siadí A bird has two feathers that are long on its tail.

2 • Rank-and-file.

enk-oríóŋ₂ Nom sg: enk-órìòŋ. Acc pl: ink-órìòŋì. n. 1 • Back; the part of a person's or animal's body that is on the opposite side from the chest, and which goes from the neck to the bottom of the spine or tail. Mɛdɔl ɔltʉ́ŋání entókì natíí enkoríóŋ. A person can not see what is on his back.

2 • The back side of sth.; e.g. opposite side of a house from where the entrance is.

3 • Non-palm side of hand, non-sole side of foot. orióŋ ɛ́ nkáíná Back of hand. Ɛ́tápéjó olconí liorióŋ ɛnkáɨ́ná ɛnkɨ́mà. The fire has burned the skin of the back of her hand. (Pk). orióŋ ɛ́ nkɛjʉ́ Top of foot.

4 • Outer part of something.

5 • Hilltop.

l-óìk lɛ́ nk-oríóŋ Backbone, bones of the back.

lákʉ́nyá lɛ́ nk-oríóŋ Spinal cord.

enk-oríóŋ ilomón Literal or surface meaning of one's words. See: atûâ ‘Inside’; ɛnk-ɔ́shɔ̀kɛ̀ ‘Stomach; hillside’; a-jɨ́ŋ enkoríóŋ ‘To stand behind, give support to someone’; ɛ-siadí ‘Back’.

ol-orôk n. Shin. ɔlɔrôk lɛ́nkɛjʉ́ shin.

ɔl-ɔrɔrɔ́m [Purko] n. Bridge of nose. See: ɔl-ɔsɔsíóm ‘Bridge of nose’.

ɔl-ɔ́rrɨshɛ́t Nom sg: ɔl-ɔ́rrɨshɛ́t. Acc pl: ɨl-ɔrrɨshɛ́tà. Nom pl: ɨl-ɔ́rrɨshɛ́tà. [North] Acc sg: rrɨcɛ́t. n. The lower part of the leg below the knee.

ɛnk-ɔ́rrɨshɛ́t Small lower part of the leg. Usage: contemptuous. See: l-kúndùd lɛ́ nkɛjʉ́ ‘Calf’; ol-orrôk ‘Shin’; l-ailéleê ‘Lower part of the leg’; l-wuatán lɛ́ nkɛjʉ́ ‘Lower part of the leg’; en-kúpès ‘Thigh’.

ol-orrôk Nom sg: ol-órròk. Acc pl: il-orrókì. Nom pl: il-órrokí. n. Front of the leg between knee and ankle; shin. olorrôk lɛ́ nkɛjʉ́ Shin.

enk-orrôk 1 • The real thing; self. enkorrôk ɛ́ mbàɛ̀ The real issue (as opposed to a false issue, pretense, beating-around-the-bush); "heart of the matter".

2 • Small shin. See: ɔl-ɔ́rrɨshɛ́t ‘Lower part of the leg’; l-kúndùd (lɛ́ nkɛjʉ́) ‘Calf; part of the leg’.

ɔl-ɔsɔsíóm Nom sg: ɔl-ɔ́sɔsíóm ??. Acc pl: ɨl-ɔɔ́sɔ̀sìòm. Nom pl: ɨl-ɔ́ɔ̀sɔ̀sìòm. n. Bridge of the nose. See: ɔl-ɔrɔrɔ́m ‘Bridge of nose’; en-kumé ‘Nose’.

ol-osujú n. Any one of the two fingers between the pointing and little fingers or toes.

ɛnk-ɔ́shɔ̀kɛ̀ Nom sg: ɛnk-ɔ́shɔ́kɛ̀. Acc pl: ɨnk-ɨ́ɨ́shùàà. [Purko] Acc pl: ɨnk-ɔ́shùàk. [Purko] Nom pl: ɨnk-ɔ́ɨ́shúàà. Variant: ink-óíshùà. [North] Acc sg: kɔ́cɛ̀kɛ̀. n. 1 • Stomach, belly. Kɛ́yá ɛnkɛ́ráí ɛnkɔ́shɔ̀kɛ̀. The child has a stomach-ache (lit: The stomach takes the child.).

2 • intestines.ACC. Usage: plural.

a • Intestines.

b • The mass of organs which are removed from the belly of a slaughtered animal (intestines, stomach, etc.).

c • Space left when the intestines and other belly-contents are removed from a slaughtered animal.

3 • Slope of a hill or mountain; protruding side parts of a hill or mountain. ɛnkɔ́shɔ̀kɛ̀ sápùk a big hill (stomach, etc.).

4 • The space inside a container such as a cup, pot. ɛnkɔ́shɔ̀kɛ̀ ɛ́ motí The inside space or cavity of a pot.

5 • The inside bottom of a container; floor. Kákè sapúkí isóìtò otií ɛnkɔ́shɔ̀kɛ̀ ɔ́ lkɛjʉ́. But the rocks that were on the floor of the river were so big. (lit: But the rocks that were on the stomach of the leg were big.) (Pk).

6 • Underside. ɛnkɔ́shɔ́kɛ̀ ɛ́ ngárrì The underside of a car; chasis. This is metaphorically based on the "animal" model, as the underside of a car is analogous to the underside/stomack of a four-legged animal. See: atûâ ɛ́ ngárrì ‘The inside of a car (where the seats are)’.

ɛnk-ɔ́shɔ̀kɛ̀ ɛ́ n-kɛ́ráɨ́ Uterus. Usage: colloquial?. A woman is colloquially said to have two stomachs: one for food, and one for a child.

ɛnk-ɔ́shɔ̀kɛ̀ ɔ́ láláɨ́ Inside surface of the front teeth; grinding surface of premolars and molars.

o-rióŋ ó láláɨ́ 1 • Externally-facing surface of the front or back teeth.

2 • Part of the face close to the soft cheek or lip tissues.

a-atá ɛnk-ɔ́shɔ̀kɛ̀ To be a glutton.

a-ló ɛnk-ɔ́shɔ̀kɛ̀ To have diarrhoea. LING: In the following expressions of human personality traits, 'stomach' is in the Nominative.

a-ɨbɔ́r ɔ́shɔ́kɛ̀ To be kind.

a-rɔ́k ɔ́shɔ́kɛ̀ To be unkind, mean.

a-naná ɔ́shɔ́kɛ̀ To be compassionate, loving, kind.

a-gól ɔ́shɔ́kɛ̀ To be courageous.

ɛnabɔ́shɔ́kɛ̀ Heart. Syn: ɔl-áróí ‘Stomach’. See: ɛm-pɔ́lɔ̀s ‘Belly’; ɛnk-ayá ‘Stomach, intestines’; ɛm-búlátí ‘Stomach, intestines’; ɨ-mányɨ́t ‘Intestines’. Usage: ɛnk-ɔ́shɔ́kɛ̀ is the most commonly-used word for stomach..

ol-oúdò Nom sg: ol-óùdò. Acc pl: il-oóudó. Nom pl: il-óoudó. n. 1 • Hip joint.

2 • [West] Buttock, rump.

ol-ouré kokóyò [West] Acc sg: ɛn-ɛʉrɛ́ kɔkɔ́yɔ̀. n. Ankle bone; bones which protrude on both sides of the ankle. See: e-múrt ɛ́ nkɛ́jʉ́ ‘Ankle’; ɛ-rʉbatá ɛ nkɛ́jʉ́ ‘Ankle’; ol-aidólòkì ‘Ankle’; l-aibeláì ‘Ankle’.

ɛm-pálai Nom sg: ɛm-paláí. Acc pl: ɨm-pálà. Nom pl: ɨm-pálâ. [North] Acc sg: m-páláí. n. 1 • n. Subcutaneous tissue on an animal hide. This is usually removed from the main animal hide/skin because it leaves a bad smell. When removed fresh, fat could be cooked out of this; otherwise it is just discarded.

2 • n. Letter, paper, book. Míntokíki kʉná kɛ́râ áàùàp inkulîê tɛ̀ níŋamáà impálà. Children stop seizing papers as you wait to receive them from others. (Pk). Tányà taá ɨŋamʉ́ ìnà páláí ɛnyɛ́. Refuse to receive that letter of his. Káatɛrɛwáka ntitó áàì mpáláí. My daughter sent me a letter. (SN). Káatɛrɛwakâ ɛntitó áí ɛmpálai. My daughter sent me a letter. (Pk). Kééwùò mpaláí é ntíto aáí ŋolé. [kééwùò mpàláí ɛ́ ntító àáí ŋòlé] My daughter's letter came yesterday. (SN). Ééwùò ɛmpaláí ɛ́ ntíto áí ŋolé. My daughter's letter came yesterday. (Pk). Kéísidai nɨnyɛ́ súkùùl amʉ̂ kɛ́sɨrɨ́ ɨmpálà. School is good because books are written (painted, drawn) on. (Pk). ɛtabáutuâ dúóó nóoshi pálâ níkìaànyɨ̀tà. The letters that we have been waiting for have arrived. (SN). Ɛtabáutúa dúóó nóòshì pálâ nɨ́kɨ̀ànyɨ̀tà. The papers that we have been waiting for/expecting have arrived. (SN). Kéísupátí kʉná pálâ naátií píshaí. These books with pictures are good. (SN).

3 • n.pl. Title deeds. Ɛ́ɨ́shɔ́ɔ́kɨ̀ ɨlpayianí ɨmpálà naáyàyìè ɨlcámpaí. The men have been given title deeds for owning the land parcels. (lit: The men have been given papers that take-with the lands.) (Pk).

ɛm-palísh Nom sg: ɛm-pálish. Acc pl: ɨm-palishîn. Nom pl: ɨm-pálishîn. n. Vagina. See: ɛm-balísh ‘Vagina’; en-túdé ‘Vagina’.

ɨl-pápɨ́t lɛ́ nkɔŋʉ́ Nom sg: ɨl-papɨ́t lɛ́ nkɔŋʉ́. Acc pl: ɨl-papɨ́t lɔɔ́ nkɔnyɛ́k. Nom pl: ɨl-papɨ́t lɔ́ɔ nkɔnyɛ́k. n. Eye lashes.

ɔl-pápɨ́tá Nom sg: ɔl-papɨtá. Acc pl: ɨl-pápɨ́t. Nom pl: ɨl-papɨ́t. [North] Acc sg: l-páɨ́ta. n. Hair of the body or head (of animal or human). Órè peê kɨbarnʉ́ ɨlpápɨ́t lo lmelíl, níkìdùŋùdùŋ. When we shave hair from the neck, we shall cut it into pieces. LING: The pl. is the most frequently-used form; sg. form refers to one strand of hair.

ɨl-pápɨ́t lɛ́ nkɔŋʉ́ Eye brow. See: ɨl-ɛ́nyɔ́k ‘Tail hair of certain animals’.

ɛm-pɨ́dɨ́ŋ Nom sg: ɛm-pɨdɨ́ŋ. Acc pl: ɨm-pɨdɨŋá. Nom pl: ɨm-pɨ́dɨ̀ŋà. [North] Nom pl: m-pɨ́dɨŋá. n. Back side of the neck including the depressed part on the back side of the head at the upper end of the spinal cord; nape. Kógól mpɨ́dɨŋá ɛ́ncɛ̀. The backs of their necks are strong. (SN). The depressed spot on the back of the neck is pierced when an animal is killed. See: ol-kódónyó ‘Back of head’.

ɔl-pɨlɛ́ [Purko]₂ Nom sg: ɔl-pɨ́lɛ̂. Acc pl: pɨlɛɨ. n. 1 • Pale red liquid from meat. Erukúnyè ɔlpɨ́lɛ̂ tɔɔ́ nkirí. The pale red liquid flows from meat.

2 • Unripe pus; mixture of pus and blood.

3 • Hardened blood, left to dry. See: ɔ-sárgɛ́ ‘Blood’.

ɔl-pɨ́ránkásh Nom sg: ɔl-pɨrankásh. Acc pl: ɨl-pɨrankashí. Nom pl: ɨl-pɨ́rankashí. n. The upper arm above the elbow. See: ɛnk-áɨ́ná ‘Arm’; ɛn-tákùlè ‘Forearm’.

em-píto₁ Nom sg: em-pitó. Acc pl: im-pít. Nom pl: im-pît. n. 1 • Tendon, ligament.

2 • Thread or string made from animal tendons or sinew twisted together; string made from sisal; bow string. Ɨ́yaʉ́ empíto nárípíé ɛnâ kɨlâ natɔpɔlɔ́sɛ̀. Bring me a thread which I will use to sew this cloth which is torn. (Pk). Táwùàrà taá enconí peê itúm eníímíè empítò. Slash out the skin so that you get a place to pass string through. (Pk).

ɛm-pɔ́lɔ̀s Nom sg: ɛm-pɔ́lɔ̂s. Acc pl: ɨm-pólòsɨ̀. Nom pl: ɨm-pólósɨ̀. n. 1 • Middle, centre of the inside area of sth. (e.g. classroom, middle portion of a cup, middle seats of a car, portion of tree between roots and where branches divide, (middle pages of a book). Tábòlò ɛmpɔ́lɔ̀s ɛ́ mbúkù! Open to the center of the book! (W). Etíi olówuarú márâ ɛmpɔ́lɔ̀s ólóítíkó ɔ́ lásʉ́ráí. The leopard is between the zebra and the snake. (W). Mátɔ̀ɔ̀r tɛ̀ mpɔ́lɔ̀s. Let's divide it by halves. (Pk).

2 • centre-mark of an elongated object (e.g. person, pen); waist. ɛmpɔ́lɔ̀s ɔ́ ltʉŋánì the middle (waist) of the person. ɛmpɔ́lɔ̀s could not well be used to refer to the "middle" of a cow.

3 • Loin, area of a person below the most narrow portion of the waist.

4 • Belly. See: ɛnk-ɔ́Cɔ̀kɛ̀ ‘Belly’; éndúŋótì. ‘Portion’; a-itorís ‘To divide equally’.

ɔl-pɔ́lpɔ̀l Nom sg: ɔl-pɔ́lpɔ̂l. Acc pl: il-pólpolí. Nom pl: il-pólpolí. n. Penis (typically for animals, but can also be used for humans though rarely).

a-pook v. To pull the foreskin back.

ɔl-pʉ́lpʉ̀l Nom sg: ɔl-pʉ́lpɨ̀l. Acc pl: il-púlpulí. Nom pl: il-púlpulí. n. Penis of an animal. See: ɔl-pʉ́rkʉ̀l ‘Penis of animal’.

ɛm-pʉ́lʉ́ŋ Nom sg: ɛm-pʉlʉ́ŋ. Acc pl: ɨm-pʉlʉŋá. Nom pl: ɨm-pʉ́lʉ̀ŋà. n. Back of the head just before the neck.

ol-pulutâî Acc pl: il-pulutá. n. Nerve.

ɔl-pʉ́nʉ́ká Nom sg: ɔl-pʉnʉká. Acc pl: ɨl-pʉ́nʉ́k. Nom pl: ɨl-pʉnʉ́k. n.f. One of the stomachs of a cow. It contains a green smelly substance. It is put whole into the soup. On the last day of the soup it is opened, the green substance is roasted, and then eaten. See: a-ɨpʉnʉká ‘To be full’; ɛnk-ɔnyɔ́rɨ̀ ‘One of the stomachs of a cow’.

ɔl-pʉrâ lɛ́ nk-omóm Nom sg: ɔl-pʉ́râ lɛ́ nkomóm. Acc pl: ɨl-pʉraí loó nkomòmì. Nom pl: ɨl-pʉ́raí lóo nkómòmì. n. Forehead. Ant: ol-kódónyó ‘backhead’. See: enk-omóm ‘face’.

ɔl-pʉ́rkʉ̀l Nom sg: ɔl-pʉ́rkʉ̂l. Acc pl: il-púrkulí. Nom pl: il-púrkulí. n. 1 • Penis (of animals). lpʉ́rkʉ̀l lɛ́ laɨŋɔ́nɨ̀ penis of a bull (SN). Kɛ́yá lpʉ́rkɨ̀l lɛ́ laɨŋɔ́nɨ̀. The penis of the bull is infected.

2 • Penis of human, with implication that it is infected with veneral disease. Usage: colloquial.

em-purpul n. Bladder; a type of meat.

ɛm-pʉ̂s₂ Nom sg: ɛm-pʉ̂s. Acc pl: im-púsì. Nom pl: im-púsî. n. Shoulder. See: o-rôny ‘Shoulder’.

pʉ̂s ɔ́ŋʉ̀ v.phrase. To have a bad, diseased eye. Kɛ́ɨ́pʉ̀s-ɔ́ŋʉ̀ ɛlɛ̂ tʉŋánì. This man has an eye problem/has a bad eye. (SN). The eye problem is likely permanent and is visible to others. LING: 'Eye' is in the Nominative, suggesting an External Possession construction.

ol-pusekény n. Testicle.

em-putúàì Nom sg: em-pútùàì. Acc pl: im-putúá. Nom pl: im-pútùà. [North] Acc sg: m-butúàì. n. Pectoral muscle, located above the ribs (of men only). This term is not used with reference to women or animals. See: ol-goó ‘Chest’; ɛ́m-bútúà ‘Pectoral muscle, breast’.

ɛ-rakará Nom sg: ɛ-rákará. Acc pl: ɨ-rakarân. Nom pl: ɨ-rákarân. n. Skull; head. Usage: colloquial.

ɔ-rakará Big skull; big head. Syn: ɛm-bɔ́lbɔ́l ‘Skull’. See: ɛ-lʉ́kʉ́nyá ‘Head’; ɛn-dʉkʉ́yà ‘Head’.

ɛ-rapátɛ̀ [South] n. [South] Diaphram. See: ɛn-aigárà ‘Diaphram’.

ɔ-rɨtɛ́t Nom sg: ɔ-rɨ́tɛ̀t. Acc pl: ɨ-rɨtɛ́tà. Nom pl: ɨ-rɨ́tɛ̀tà. n. Back of the leg between buttocks and knee.

a-rɔ́k ómòm v.s. 1 • To be unfortunate, unlucky, unsuccessful. Usage: metaphor. Ɛrɔ́k ómòm Pita amʉ̂ ɛtáláíkínè ayámà ɨ́nâ títo. Pita is unfortunate because he was not able to woo that girl. (W). ɔltʉŋánì ɔ́rɔ́k ómòm person who is unfortunate, unlucky. In W, this may have the connotation of not being cheerful.

2 • To have a black face. Usage: lit. LING: Though a-rɔ́k 'be black; is lexically intransitve, this phrase occurs in an "External Possession" construction, with 'face' as the nominative subject and the "possessor" of face as the accusative object. Additionally, in the idiomatic meaning, 'face' occurs without its usual gender prefix.

a-rɔ́k ɔ́ŋʉ̀ v.s. 1 • To be unable to identify things, e.g. unable to identify one's own cows, or recognize which cows are missing.

2 • To be envious.

3 • To have a black eye. Usage: lit. LING: This phrase occurs in an "External Possession" construction, with "eye" in the nominative and the "possessor" of "eye" as the accusative object. In the idiomatic sense, "eye" must occur without its normal gender prefix.

ink-onyek o lorok Envious eyes.

a-rɔ́k ɔ́shɔ́kɛ̀ v.s. 1 • To be hard-hearted, unkind, unforgiving, uncaring, stingy, selfish, unsociable, stubborn. Káarɔ́k ɔ́shɔ́kɛ̀. I am hard-hearted. Kɛ́rɔ́k ɔ́shɔ́kɛ̀ ɔlpayíán. The man is unkind, heard-hearted. Kɨ́rɔ́k ɔ́shɔ́kɛ̀. We are unforgiving/selfish. (W). An individual like this does not greet others even if he knows them, does not respond or does so only curtly. The person does not help others when they are needy, and is unfeeling. The behavior may be temporary or permanent, but the individual is this way for no reason. LING: This phrase occurs in an "external possessor" construction, with "stomach" as the nominative subject, and the "possessor" of stomach as the accusative object of the sentence. In the idiomatic meaning, "stomach" occurs without its usual gender prefix.

2 • To have a black stomach. Usage: lit. Káarɔ́k ɛnkɔ́shɔ́kɛ̀. My stomach is black (e.g. it is covered with charcoal). LING: Note that when 'stomach' carries a gender prefix, the literal meaning results. Ant: a-ɨbɔ́rr ɔ́shɔ̀kɛ̀ ‘Merciful’.

a-rɔ́k táʉ̀ v.s. 1 • To not show any feelings, neither positive nor negative.

2 • To have a black heart. Usage: lit.

o-rôny Nom sg: o-rôny. Acc pl: i-rónyì. Nom pl: i-rónyî. n. 1 • Shoulderblade.

2 • Shoulder. See: ol-bóítáí ‘Shoulder, shoulder blade’; dápásh ‘Broad, wide’; ɔl-ɔɨlɨ́lâî ‘Shoulder’; ɛm-pʉ̂s ‘Shoulder’; ɔ-sɨ̂p ‘Shoulder’.

ɛ-rʉ́bátá Nom sg: ɛ-rʉbatá. Acc pl: ɨ-rʉbát. Nom pl: ɨ-rʉbát. n. 1 • Joint.

2 • Portion; part of sth.

ɛ-rʉ́bátá ɛ́ nkɛjʉ́ Nom sg: ɛ-rʉbatá ɛn-kɛ̀jʉ̀. Joint of the leg; ankle, knee, toe joints, hip joint, etc. See: e-múrt ɛ́ nkɛjʉ́ ‘Ankle’; ol-ouré kokóyò ‘Ankle’; [South] ol-aidólòkì ‘Ankle’; [North] l-aibelâî ‘Ankle’.

ɛ-rʉ́pátá Nom sg: ɛ-rʉpatá. Acc pl: ɨ-rʉpát. Nom pl: ɨ-rʉ́pàt. n. 1 • Heap.

2 • Joint.

ɛ-rrɨshɛ́t Nom sg: ɛ-rrɨ́shɛ̀t. Acc pl: ɨ-rrɨshɛ́tà. Nom pl: ɨ-rrɨ́shɛ̀tà. n. Thigh.

ɔl-ɔ́rrɨshɛ́t Thigh.

ɔ-rrɨshɛ́t Thigh.

ɔ-sámpʉ́lál Nom sg: ɔ-sampʉlál. Acc pl: ɨ-sampʉlalí. Nom pl: ɨ-sámpʉlalí. n. Slime; liquid produced by drooling, by a snail, etc. LING: Plural refers to various drops of drool.

ɛ-sapôî Nom sg: ɛ-sápòì. Acc pl: ɨ-sapɔ́. Nom pl: ɨ-sápɔ̀. n. 1 • The reproductive system of a woman; fallopian tubes.

2 • [North] The short rains.

ɔ-sarárùà [North] Acc sg: sorórùà. [South] Acc sg: sorórùà. n. Navel.

ɔ-sárgɛ́ Nom sg: ɔ-sárgɛ̀. Acc pl: ɨ-sárgɛ́tà. Nom pl: ɨ-sargɛtá. n. Blood. Kɛ́dɔ ɔsárgɛ ópuku tɔɔ́ nkirí. The blood from meat is red. Kɛ́ɨ́rrʉshà ɔsárgɛ alaŋ ɛnkárɛ́ Blood is thicker than water. Nɛ́tɔn ɛɨtʉ ɨgɨlʉnɔrɛ́rɛ o mɛ́ɨ́bʉkɔrɨ o sárgɛ. You have not yet struggled until blood is shed. Blood is drunk on special occasions. It is typically given to i-sípólìò newly-initiated people, ɨn-tɔ́mɔ́nɔ́k post-partum women, or ɨl-támùèyìà sick people. It may be used to alleviate intoxication.

ɔ-sárgɛ́ lɔɔ́ nkitúàk Menstruation. See: ɔl-pɨ́lɛ̀ ‘Pale red liquid from meat’; ɔ-sáróí ‘Mixture of blood and milk’; l-ɔdɔ́ ‘Blood’; n-julótì ‘Milk mixed with blood’; m-púpóí ‘Unstirred boiled blood’; n-carlúgì ‘Unstirred blood mixed with milk’; n-tîs ‘Blood mixed with milk and then stirred together’; m-póróí ‘Roasted clotted blood’.

ɛ-sɛ́dɛ̀r Nom sg: ɛ-sɛ́dɛ́r. Acc pl: ɨ-sɛdɛ́rɨ. Nom pl: ɨ-sɛ́dɛrɨ́. n. 1 • Side of the face including cheek. Nélotu orínka lɔ́larinkoi apukú tɛnâ aɨ sɛ́dɛr. Olarinkoi's club came out of the other cheek. Étúmúnó ɔlaáɨ́tɛ́ŋɛnani ɛnkɛ́ráí ɛsɛ́dɛ̀r. The teacher has pinched the child on the cheek. (Pk). Ɛgɨ́ráɨ́ áàdàm ɔlpúríshóí ɨsɛdɛ́rɨ tɔɔ́ nkàɨ̀k. The thief is being slapped (on) the cheeks with the hands. (Pk).

2 • Jaw. Ɛ́ncɔ̀ɔ̀ nɨnyɛ́ ɛsɛ́dɛ̀r ɛ́ɨ́nà lʉ́kʉ́nyá napéjò mɛ́ɨ́nɔsá. Give him the jaw of that head which is being roasted so he can eat it. (Pk).

3 • Side of hill or mountain. Náà ɛ́mɨncɔ́ táatá ɨlashɔ́ epúó ɛndâ sɛ́dɛ̀r. And don't let the calves go to that side (of the hill) today. (Pk). See: ɛn-takʉ́là ‘Cheek’; ɔl-tagɨ́lɨgɨ́lɨ̀ ‘Jaw’; ɔl-manyaálishôî ‘Jaw’; ɔl-bɔɔ́ny ‘Jaw’.

e-ségèrùà Nom sg: e-ségérùà. Acc pl: i-segeruaní. Nom pl: i-ségeruaní. [North] Acc sg: sékèrùà. n. Lower part of the human earlobe. Étúúdókì ɔlpáyìàn eségèruà nabô. The man had one of his earlobes pierced. (Pk). See: ɛn-kɨ́tɨ́pɛ́t ‘Upper side of the ear’.

e-sékèkùà Nom sg: e-sékékùà. Acc pl: i-sekekuaní. Nom pl: i-sékekuaní. n. 1 • Large horn (e.g. of a buffalo) that can be blown through to make noise. Kákè ɛɛ́tà ɛldɛ̂ ósókùàn esékekua sápʉ̀k. But that buffalo has a big horn! (Pk).

2 • Trumpet. Tɛ̀ néóshí tɛ̀ manyatá esékékùà nɛ́dʉmʉ ɨrmʉ́rrán pɔɔkɨ́ ɨnarɛ́tà ɛnyɛ̂. When a trumpet is blown in the warrior village, all the warriors raise their weapons. (Pk). See: e-mówúó ‘Horn’.

o-sésèn Nom sg: o-sésên. Acc pl: i-sésènì. Nom pl: i-sésénì. n. 1 • Body. Kámuei káayâ osésên pɔ́ɔkɨ. I am sick in the whole body. (Pk).

2 • Cadaver. Ɛ́́táárákɨ̀ ŋolé ɔltʉŋánì tɛndâ tîm nɛ́dʉmʉní osésèn áàpùò áànàŋàà. A person was killed yesterday in that bush, and the body was taken to be thrown away. (Pk). Tɛ̀ nɛ́yɛ oshî ɔltʉ́ŋání népúóí áànʉ̀kàà osésèn. When someone dies, the body is burried. (Pk).

3 • A whole entity. Órè ɔlpayíán ɔ́ enkitók ɛnyɛ́ náà osésèn obô nɛ́ákʉ́ kéíshíákínò nɛ́nyɔrra. A husband and his wife are one body and they should love one another.

Usage: endearment. ó osésên láí lányɔ́rr O my body that I love (e.g. parent addressing a small child).

o-síádí₁ Nom sg: o-siadí. Acc pl: i-síádin. Nom pl: i-siadín. n. 1 • Anus. This word is often used in a profane way, and it is not unusual to try to avoid the term. Kéyá ɛ́ldɛ̂ áshé osiadí. That calf is sick at the anus. (Pk).

2 • The last, final one. Etíí doí ɔltáání osíádí lóó lkerérì. So-and-so is the last in the queue. (Pk). Ɔlayíónì ɔshál apá ɔlɛ́ síádí tɛ̀ nkílàsì ɛ́nyɛ̀. The boy who was lazy was the last one in his class. Épír enkíshón dʉ́kʉ̀yà népìr siadí. The beginning of life is as good as the end. (Pk). aakʉ́ ɔlɛ́ síádí

3 • Final or terminating point in time; end. órè tɛ̀ siadí níkìtùm naá aké áàtòòmòn at the end we will be able to pray (i.e. when we are done talking) (C).

ɔl-ɛ́síádí Syn: ɔl-kʉ́rʉ̀m ‘Anus, behind’. See: a-bayíé ‘To be last’.

ɛ-sɨkatɨ ɔl-asʉrai n. Molten skin of a snake.

i-sikítòk Nom pl: i-síkìtòk. n.pl. Colostrum milk. Áísikítòk isikítòk. Colostrum milk is yellow. (Pk). Émintókì áàɨ̀shɔ̀ ɨnkɛ́rà kʉtɨ́tɨ́ isikítòk ɔɔ́ nkashɔ́ naaíkautûâ amʉ̂ kéítótìr inkóíshùà. Stop giving small children colostrum from heifers that are giving birth for the first time because it will make the(ir) stomachs ache. (Pk). See: sikítoi ‘Yellow’.

ɔ-sɨ́nɨ̀g Nom sg: ɔ-sɨ́nɨ̂g. Acc pl: i-sínìgì. Nom pl: i-sínígì. n. Calf muscle. See: a-ɨsɨnɨgá ‘To stiffen one's muscles’; ɛn-tɨɨ́s ‘Muscle of calf’.

ɔ-sɨ̂p Acc pl: sípì. n. Shoulder. See: o-rôny ‘Shoulder’.

sirayó [North] n. [North] Poultry tail feather. See: ɔl-kɨdɔŋɔ́ɨ̀ ‘Tail’.

sɨrɛ́t [North]₂ n. [North] Fat from the stomach of a cow (and other organs?). This is heavier than látá narúkò, and is used for cooking. See: lata ‘Fat’; ɛn-kúrríny ‘Fat from the stomach’.

o-sírínkít lɛ́ nk-orióŋ Nom sg: o-sirinkít. n. Spine, back-bone. Ɛtɨgɨ́lɛ̀ osirinkít lɛ́ nkorióŋ lɛ́nyɛ̀. His back-bone has broken.

sómúá Nom sg: somúá. Acc pl: sómúàn. Nom pl: somúán. n. Dirt or dust on someone's eye. See: en-tubúloi ‘Dirt on someone's eye’.

e-sonkík Nom sg: e-sónkìk. n. Excrement of a calf, lamb or kid after it has started suckling, usually whitish in color. See: máldáány ‘Excrement of a new born lamb or kid’.

sɔ́ɔ̀tɛ̀ ɛ́ n-kʉ́tʉ́k [North] [sɔ́ɔ̀tɛ̀ ɛ́ŋkʊ̀tʊ̀k] n. [North] Lip. See: en-coní ɛ́ n-kʉ́tʉ́k ‘Lip’; e-nyírbàt ‘Lip’; [South] e-ngiremu(u) ‘Lip’.

o-sorórua Nom sg: o-sóroruá. n. 1 • Umbilical cord. Osorórua lɛnyɛ́ ɔlkɨ́tɨ̀ olêŋ. It is its umbilical cord that is very small.

2 • Navel, umbilicus.

o-sótúá Nom sg: o-sotúá. Acc pl: i-sotuatín. Nom pl: i-sótùàtìn. n. 1 • Relative by blood or marriage. Órè apá peê ɛmʉratɨ́shɔ̀ ɛldɛ́ páyìàn néyetúó osotúá lɛ́nyɛ̀ pɔɔkɨ́ áàret. When that man circumcised (his children), all his relatives came to help.

2 • An intimate, loving relationship, as between a person and God, blood relations, or marriage partners. Ɛnkáí âŋ ó sótúá, our God of loving relationship.

3 • Peace.

4 • [North] Friend.

5 • Umbilical cord. Órè oshî peê eishú ɛnkɨ́tɛ̀ŋ nédúŋí ɔláshɛ́ osótúá áàrìshùè emudɔ́ŋ. When a cow gives birth, its calf has its umbilical cord divided (cut off) from the placenta. See: o-sorórua ‘Navel’; ɔl-cɔ́rɛ́ ‘Friend’.

súrúm Nom sg: surúm. n. Abnormally large navel. Not swollen as in a disease, but a person is born with an abnormally large navel. See: o-sorórùà ‘Navel’; ɔl-mʉkɔ́nyɔ̀ ‘Swollen navel’; ol-dundúlà ‘Swollen navel’.

ɔl-tagɨ́lɨgɨ́lɨ̀ Variant: ɔl-tagɨ́lɨ̀gɨ̀lɨ̀; ɔl-tágɨ́lɨ̀gɨ̀lɨ̀. Nom sg: ɔl-tágíligílì. Acc pl: ɨl-tagɨ́lɨgɨ́l. Nom pl: ɨl-tágíligíl. n. 1 • Molar or premolar; large flat tooth in back of mouth. Mmɛ́yá doí ɨlalá lɛ́kɨshɨ́á ɨltágɨ́lɨgɨ́l ɔɔ́yà.

2 • Jaw from one side of the head, either upper or lower part. Kɛ́yá ɔltágɨ́lɨ̀gɨ̀lɨ̀ mmɛ̂ ɛsɛ́dɛ́r anáà ɔlbɔ́ɔ̀ny. He took the jaw, not the cheek or the chin. (Pk). LING: The plural ɨɨl-tagɨ́lɨgɨ́l refers to any multiple set of the four possible ɔl-ttagɨ́lɨgɨ́lɨ̀, or to those from multiple animals. See: ɔl-alâɨ̂ ‘Tooth’; a-gɨ́l ‘To break’; ɨlálá lɛ́kɨshɨ́á ‘Upper front teeth’; ol-manyaálishôî ‘Jaw’; ɛ-sɛ́dɛ̀r ‘Jaw’; ɔl-bɔɔ́ny ‘Chin’.

l-tágùlè [North] n. [North] Forearm. See: ol-tákùlè ‘Forearm’.

ɔl-taɨká Nom sg: ɔl-táɨka. Acc pl: ɨl-taɨkân. Nom pl: ɨl-táɨ́kàn. [North] Acc sg: l-toiká. n. Warrior's pigtail. Ɛshɛtɨ́tà ɨrmʉ́rrân ɨltaɨkân lɛnyɛ̂. The warriors are making their pigtails. (Pk). See: l-masí ‘Overgrown hair’; sakará ‘RECHECK from notebook’.

ɛn-tákeitá Nom sg: ɛn-tákeitá. n. Big horn (of an animal).

ɛn-takʉ́là Nom sg: ɛn-tákʉlá. Acc pl: ɨn-takɨ̀l. Nom pl: ɨn-tákʉ̀l. [North] Acc sg: tagʉ́láɨ̀. n. Cheek. See: e-sɛ́dɛ̀r ‘Cheek’.

ɛn-tákùlè Nom sg: ɛn-tákúlè. Acc pl: ɨn-takúlen. Nom pl: ɨn-tákulén. [North] Acc sg: tágùlè. Variant: l-takule (B). n. 1 • Forearm, between the hand and the elbow. Káayá ɛntákúlè, mmɛ̂ ilkímojìk anáà olóídolól. My forearm hurts, not the fingers or the elbow.

2 • [North] Elbow. See: ol-oidólòl ‘Elbow’; en-kikokúá ‘Elbow’; rʉbát ‘Elbow’.

n-tánáŋâ [North] Nom pl: n-tánaŋá. n.pl. [North] Bloody substance secreted from the body of a cow after birth. See: n-taŋâŋ ‘bloody substance secreted from the body of a cow after birth’.

ɛn-tánù Nom sg: ɛn-tánû. Acc pl: ɨn-tánuí. Nom pl: ɨn-tánuí. n. Pancreas. See: ɛ-naɨgárà ‘Pancreas’.

ɛn-taŋáŋì Nom sg: ɛn-táŋàŋì. Acc pl: ɨn-taŋâŋ. Nom pl: ɨn-táŋàŋ. n. The bloody substance secreted from the body of a cow ɔ days after it gives birth. See: n-tánáŋâ ‘Bloody substance secreted from the body after birth’.

n-tápáníé [North] Nom sg: n-tápaníé. Acc pl: n-tápán. Nom pl: n-tapán. n. [North] Footprint. Ɛtarrápuakɨ́ ntapân. The footprints (on the soil) has been picked up. (S). See: e-rórúátá ‘footprint, step’.

ɔl-táʉ́ Nom sg: ɔl-táʉ̀. Acc pl: ɨl-taʉjá. Nom pl: ɨl-táʉ̀jà. [North] Acc sg: ɔ-táʉ́. In some suffixed forms: ɔl-táʉ́j. n. 1 • Heart (of person or animal); the organ inside the chest which controls the flow of blood by pushing it around the body. Ɔltáʉ́ oshî ɔ́rɛ̀ʉ̀ ɔsárgɛ́ tósèsèn lɛ́ŋʉ̀ɛ̀s pɔɔkɨ́ naɨshʉ́. It is the heart that drives (pumps up) blood in the body of evey living thing being. (Pk).

2 • Person's feelings. Mɛɛ́tà ɔltáʉ́ lɛ́ sìààì. He does not feel like working. (lit: He does not have a heart of work.) (Pk).

3 • Central or most important part. Órè apá entókì natíi oltáʉ́ lɛnyɛ́, náà meyíéú kʉnâ anáshàrà ɛnyɛ́ná nápùò. There was something that was in his heart, that he didn't want these sisters of his to go [to be married]. ɔltáʉ́ lɛ́ ngárɨ̀ a car's engine. Órè ɔltáʉ́ léínà síááî pɔɔkɨ́ náà peê ɛ́lákɨ́ aké ɨ̀nà síle. The heart of all that business is to pay the debt. (Pk). amʉ̂ ɛ́ɨ́dɨ́pâ nɨ́ncɛ̀ áaɨsʉjá ɨltaʉjá lɛnyɛ̂ because they have cleansed their hearts (C).

4 • Someone close, dear, important to another. Ɔltáʉ́ láí doí oshî ɨlɔ́ tʉ́ŋání imɛɛ́tà entókì náás ɛ́ɨ́tʉ́ aɨkɨlɨ́kùàn anáà alíkì. That person is very important to me; I don't do anything without consulting or informing him. (Pk).

ɛn-táʉ́ Small heart. Usage: contemptuous. Ɨ́wà dúóó ɛntáʉ́ inó ìdìà ɔ́ŋátá peê teníló ayɛ́ nímíkílótú nánʉ́ aitoŋú. Take your "small heart" far away (from me) so that if you die you don't tarnish my name.

ɔl-táʉ́ sɨnyátì Holy spirit. Usage: religious. Órè oshî ɔlairúkònì pɔɔkɨ́ náà kéíshíákínó náà ɔltáʉ́ Sinyátì órikóò inkiasin ɛnyɛ́nà. Every believer is supposed to let the Holy Spirit guide his action.

ɔl-táʉ́ ogól (lɔ́ soit) Somebody who can not easily be overcome by emotions. Kɛ́ɛ́tà ɔltáʉ́ ogól ɛlɛ́ tʉ́ŋání ɔlɛ́méírùt tɛnɛ́jokiní ɛtʉ́á mɛnyɛ́. This man is heart-hardened; he does not show any worry even when his father is dead.

ɔl-táʉ́ ɔ́náná (loó nkiri) Contrite of heart, a broken-heart.[ɔ̀láʊ́ ɔ̀nànà] Ɛ́sídáí ɔltʉ́ŋání ɔ́ɔ̀tà ɔltáʉ́ ɔ́náná amʉ̂ kɛ́íríndʉ̀ ɨntɔrɔ̂k ɛnyɛ́nà. Someone with a contrite heart is good because he can repent of his wrongdoing.

ɔl-táʉ́ ɔgɨlɨgɨ́là Contrite of heart, a broken heart.

ɔl-táʉ́ sídáí Good-hearted. Kéísídáí oshî ɔltʉ́ŋání ɔ́tɔ̀tà ɔltáʉ́ sídáí amʉ̂ kɛ́palíkì ɨlkʉlɨ́káɨ́ tɛnɛ́ɨ́nyál. A good-hearted person is good because he forgives others when they wrong him.

ɔl-táʉ́ tɔrrɔ́nɔ́ Bad-hearted. Imeboitároyú ɔltʉ́ŋání ɔ́ɔ̀tà ɔltáʉ́ tɔrrɔ́nɔ̂ amʉ̂ kɛ́pʉsʉ́s inkatítìn pɔɔkɨ́. You cannot live together with a bad-hearted person, because he is always frowning.

aduŋó táʉ́ To die. Órè ɔladúóó kúòò omúéí ɛ́taá kéjó peê aduŋó. The kid (lamb) which was sick is about to di.e.

ol-teléliai Nom sg: ol-télelíàì. Acc pl: ɨl-telélia. Nom pl: ɨl-télelíá. [North] Acc pl: ɨl-talélia. n. The fingerlike flesh, normally two, that hangs on a goat's dewlap. See: ɔl-gɔ́lgɔ̀l ‘Dewlap’.

ol-terégelî Nom sg: ol-térégelî. Acc pl: ɨl-tɛrɛ́gɛ̀. Nom pl: ɨl-tɛ́rɛ̀gɛ̀. [North] Acc sg: l-téregénî. [North] Nom sg: l-teregenî. [North] Acc pl: l-tɛrɛ́gɛ̀n. [North] Nom pl: l-tɛ́rɛgɛ́n. n. Testicle (of human or animal). Eitáyokí ɨltɛrɛ́gɛ̀ pɔɔkɨ́rà aárè. Both testicles have been removed. Kɛ́ɨ́kʉtɨ́tɨ́ ɨltɛ́rɛ̀gɛ̀ lɛ́nyɛnák. Its testicles are small.

ɛn-tɨ́ɨs Nom sg: ɛn-tɨ́ɨ̂s. Acc pl: in-tiisîn. Nom pl: in-tíisîn. n. Calf muscle; muscle on the back of human being's lower part of the leg behind the shin. See: ɛn-kɛjʉ́ ‘Leg’; l-kúndùd lɛ́ nkɛjʉ́ ‘Calf muscle’; ɔ-sɨ́nɨ̀g ‘Calf muscle’; ol-orôk ‘Shin’.

en-tíkanî Nom sg: en-tíkanî. Acc pl: in-tíkàn. Nom pl: in-tíkân. n. Lymph node. Áayâ intíkân. The lymph nodes pain me. (W). Ɛátà ɛlɛ́ ashé intíkàn This calf has swollen lymph nodes.

ɔl-tílúd Nom sg: ol-tilúd. n. 1 • Anus. Usage: vulgar.

2 • Bottom portion of sth (e.g. part of cup that is in contact with the table top). See: ɔl-kʉ́rʉ̀m ‘Anus, genitalia’.

in-tishín n.pl. 1 • Sticks.

2 • Muscles.

3 • Calf muscles.

en-tólit Nom sg: en-tolít. Acc pl: ɨn-tólò. Nom pl: intólô. [South] Acc sg: en-tólìt. n. Marrow (of bone). Óyìè ɛ́ntɨ̀gɨ̀l ɛlɛ̂ óìtò peê ɨdɔlɨdɔ́lɔ̀ entólit natíi. Boys, break this bone so that you can see the marrow in it.

en-tólú Nom sg: en-tolú. Acc pl: in-tolúó. Nom pl: in-tólùò. [Chamus] Acc sg: tolú. n. 1 • Axe. Ɨncɔɔ́kɨ̀ entólú matudúŋìè ɛlɛ̂ shaní. Give me (your) axe so I can use it to cut this tree. (Pk).

2 • [North] Marrow. Etym: Proto-Ongamo-Maa *-tolu (Vossen 1989:194), from Proto-Eastern Nilotic *-tolu- 'axe' (Vossen 1982:328). Borrowed from Central Sudanic *-tolu 'axe', East Central Sudanic *lɔ 'ax' + Central Sudanic tV- Nominative Prefix, with later shift to +ATR vowel in Eastern Nilotic (C. Ehret 2003:149, "Language Contacts in Nilo-Saharan Prehistory." Language Contacts in Prehistory, Studies in Stratigraphy, ed. by Henning Andersen, 135-157. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.). See: úrò ‘Axe’.

n-tɔ́ɔ́p [North] Nom sg: n-tɔɔ́p. Acc pl: n-tóópí. Nom pl: n-toopí. n. [North] Rib. See: ɔl-arásì ‘Rib’; l-babákì ‘Rib’; l-máràì ‘Rib’.

en-tubúloi Nom sg: en-túbulóí. Acc pl: in-tubúlòk. Nom pl: in-túbùlòk. n. Dirt or dust in the eye.

en-túdé Nom sg: en-tudé. Acc pl: in-túdên. Nom pl: in-tudén. n. Vagina (of human only).

en-túkurrútì Nom sg: en-túkurrútì. Acc pl: in-túkurrút. Nom pl: in-túkurrút. n. Ear wax. See: n-kutukurrukí ‘Ear wax’.

ol-túlii [Purko] Nom sg: ol-tulí. Acc pl: il-túlì. Nom pl: il-túlî. [Purko] Nom sg: oltulíí. n. 1 • Buttock. Mmetumókì ɛná áyíóní atɔtɔ́nà aɨtɔbɨrakɨ́ amʉ̂ ɛ́tɨ́jɨ́ŋá ɔldʉ́taɨ́ ɔltúlìì. This boy cannot sit well because he has a boil on his buttock. (Pk).

2 • Back part. iltulí lɛ́ nkají The back of the house. Usage: It is very uncouth and profane to use il-túlì to refer to someone or something that is behind or following another.

en-tútúnyó Nom sg: en-tutunyó. Acc pl: in-tútúny. Nom pl: in-tutúny. [Chamus] Acc sg: tʉ́tʉ́nyó. n. Heel. Míntókí doí arɔrɔ́ ɛnkɔ́p tɔɔlkímòjìk aké tóròròyìè siî nɨnyɛ́ entútúnyó. Stop standing using your toes alone; have your heel on the ground too. (lit: Stop kicking the ground with your toes alone but also use your heel.) (Pk).

ɛ-wamɛ́t n. Ear; thing to hear with.

l-wuatán lɛ́ nkɛjʉ́ [North] Nom sg: l-wuatán lɛ́ nkɛjʉ́. n. [North] Lower part of leg, calf. See: [North] l-kúndùd lɛ́ nkɛjʉ́ ‘Calf’; ol-orrôk ‘Shin’; [North] l-ailéleê ‘Lower part of the leg’.

Sub-categories:

ear