Variations on the binomial theorem and what one can get from them

by Richard ASKEY (U.Wisconsin-Madison)

Abstract:
The binomial theorem can be generalized in a number of different ways. One way is to focus on the combinatorial interpretation of lattice point steps. The binomial coefficient C(n,k) is the number of paths from (0,0) to (k,n-k) which only move right and up by one step at a time. This is a refinement of the fact that the total number of paths of this type of length n is 2^n. There is a further refinement which can be given using the area under each path from (0,0) to (k,n-k).
There is a related result which comes up when looking at an extension of the evaluation of the beta function in terms of the gamma function, and the idea goes back to Fermat and Wallis when they were finding the value of the integral of t^k. Ramanujan has some other extensions, including a bilateral sum which generalizes the binomial theorem and includes Jacobi's triple product for the theta function and Jacobi's Fourier series expansions of Jacobi elliptic functions. Much of this will be described. Don't be put off by the words you may not know much if anything about such as "theta function" and "elliptc functions". No knowledge of them will be needed to understand this talk.