Noncommutative Total Positivity

by Vladimir RETAKH (Rutgers University)

Abstract:
A square matrix with real entries is called totally positive (totally nonnegative) if all its minors are positive (nonnegative). Such matrices are important for different applications including a surprising connection discovered by Lusztig between total positivity and canonical bases in representation theory.

A celebrated Loewner-Whitney theorem states that a real invertible matrix is totally nonnegative if and only if it can be factored as a product of elementary nonnegative Jacobi matrices. Thus, the study of total positivity can be reduced to a combinatorial problem of studying "canonical factorizations" of matrices into such products.

Surprisingly, one can give explicit formulas for such factorizations even for matrices over non-commutative rings.
This talk is based on a joint paper with A. Berenstein.