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HC 221 -- The romance of travel, Fall '10small logo

Course description

Modernity depends on opposing fact and fiction: 21st-century globalism would be nowhere without an understanding of scientific fact. Pre-modern societies like Rome, on the other hand, differentiated knowledge (scientia) from wisdom (sapientia). Stories were thought to carry knowledge in its many forms, and a recent theory contends that narrative - story -- is the foundation of language itself (see Mark Turner, The Literary Mind, Oxford UP, 1996).

Since the western Enlightenment, however, story has been "mere story" -- so Francis Bacon called it in 1626. Modernity makes history story's opposite: history gives us fact rather than fiction, story gives us imagination rather than reality. Aren't facts more important than fiction?

Reading pre-modern texts with attention to discovery, interpretation, and use can help us understand the value of narrative and our own positions within a sea of story. We'll use travellers' tales (a tale is also a "mere story," according to the OED) and their "translations" (meaning "to carry, to transfer") to grapple with representations of self and other, and with the value of imagination and emotion. We'll let the root of education - educare, to lead forth - lead us to new sorts of intellectual and emotional understandings as we consider the ways a reader's necessary empathy can shade into appropriation. Close reading is vital; interpretive muscle grows from it.

Your own writing is, of course, both formally and contextually situated. HC 221 H Honors College Literature integrates writing analysis (composition) with the study of literature. Please be advised of two resources: the University Composition Program's resources, and the Teaching and Learning Center in the basement of PLC.

Texts: The Epic of Gilgamesh, Euripides' The Trojan Women, Christine Evans' Trojan Barbie, The Monkey and the Monk (Anthony Yu's short version of the Chinese epic Journey to the West), and Shakespeare's The Tempest.

Requirements

  • First writing assignment, due Wednesday, September 29. One to two pages, 250 to 500 words. Towards the end of Tablet One of Gilgamesh, Gilgamesh recounts to his mother Ninsun two dreams that presage his meeting with Enkidu. Ninsun interprets the dreams for Gilgamesh, and Gilgamesh responds by embracing the challenge Enkidu presents. In the style of Gilgamesh, create the dreams you could have had (but use third person) that presage your encounter with the university and/or the Clark Honors College, recounting the dreams to one of your parents/guardians who then interprets the dreams for you. You'll be writing in a long tradition: Mesopotamian students parodied Gilgamesh some 3000 years ago (see page 167 of our Gilgamesh edition).
  • Response papers.You'll write four one- to two-page response papers this term. Label your papers as primarily discovery (something that surprised you and which you're investigating), interpretation (some event that you are look at closely for its effect in the text or outside it) or use, meaning the way one feature of the text can be used for a larger argument. Check due dates on the schedule below. Response paper are formal in the sense that spelling, grammar, and thinking count; at the same time, these are papers in which to try out ideas, to experiment and challenge yourself intellectually. Here are the steps for writing response papers:
    • No fewer than four days before a paper is due, think about discovery, interpretation, and use, and re-read the text.
    • No fewer than three days before the due date, free write, meaning that you make notes, construct an outline, or write a complete draft (this may be handwritten)--either a method you habitually use, or a method you're trying out for the first time. Get something down on paper. Then put away whatever you've written for at least six hours.
    • Reread and revise what you've written, again looking at our text for evidence. Have a typed, final copy of your essay complete before noon Friday.
    • Attach your notes/outline/draft to your finished copy and hand it in.

    I will read these papers, comment on them, and grade them pass/no pass. Normally, a no-pass paper lacks a thesis and/or contains egregious writing errors. Four passing papers will count as a 4.0, three as a 3.0, two as a 2.0, one as a 1.0. No-pass papers may be re-written, and handed back to me within a week. You may also request that I give any response paper a "grade," meaning the grade it would receive were it a graded assignment: I'll "grade" the paper in order to give you an idea of how grading works on formal papers, but the grade won't "count," per se.

  • Graded formal papers. Two five-page (1250 to 1500 words) papers, each of which can use an observation originally explored in a response paper and/or an informal study group. See also tips for topics. Paper 1, due Friday, Oct. 15, will treat Gilgamesh or, for the ambitious, Trojan Women . Paper 2, due Wednesday, Nov. 24, will treat The Monkey and the Monk and/or The Trojan Women (TJ only if you didn't write on it for the first paper). Note paper due dates: turn in your papers on the date specified. The first paper may also be rewritten (due one week after returned; include the original paper when submitting the rewrite), with the two grades averaged for the paper's final grade.
  • Writing portfolio and reflective essay. During the term, keep all of your work in this portfolio; at the end of the term, you'll write a reflective essay about your writing, using your portfolio in order to include specific examples of your writing's strengths and weaknesses, and to list what you hope to continue to improve in your writing. You'll give me your writing portfolio, with reflective essay, along with your final exam, no later than Wednesday, December 8, at 5:15 pm. Completing this assignment contributes 10% to your final grade.
  • Final exam. Take-home exam, focusing primarily on The Tempest, due no later than Wednesday, December 8, at 5:15 pm.

Extra credit: Informal study groups.

The learning community of the Honors College affords you an opportunity to test your ideas and grow intellectually in a supportive yet challenging environment. To facilitate conversations about our texts, you can, along with at least one other student, contribute a "discovery" to our Blackboard discussion site before Sunday midnight for each Monday's class. You're on the honor system for the listing of contributors' names. You may get credit only once for each week, but of course you'll benefit from chatting about many different discoveries. List the discussants' names and include on the Blackboard "discussion site" for that text a question your discovery led to (but as many questions as you wish). Again, all this must be posted before midnight on the appropriate Sunday.

If you complete the assignment for each of the eight weeks, you'll receive 3 tenth-points extra-credit on your final grade; for seven, 2; for six, 1; for five, half a tenth.

Grading

The response papers constitute 15% of your grade; the two formal papers, 25% and 30% respectively; the reflective essay 10%; participation, 5%, and the final exam will constitute 15% of your grade. Please note the University's "grade point value" system effective 9/90, as I will be using this system (unless otherwise noted):

A+ = 4.3

B+ = 3.3

C+ = 2.3

D+ = 1.3

A = 4.0

B = 3.0

C = 2.0

D = 1.0

A- = 3.7

B- = 2.7

C- = 1.7

D- = 0.7

Note that a grade of "C" is, according to academic regulations, "satisfactory," while a "B" is "good." That means that a "B" is better than average, better than satisfactory, better than adequate. The average grade, then, is a "C"; a grade of "B" requires effort and accomplishment.

Discovery

Interpretation

Use

Sept. 27 class introduction "world literature" and respecting difference; groundrules for class; introduction to Gilgamesh, the "joy-woe" man (I, 234)--the purpose of story

Sept. 29 First writing assignment due Gilgamesh, a poem of the human condition Tablet 1: Kingship, nature, the creation of Enkidu: read also "Gilgamesh and Akka," pp. 99 - 104 in the Norton edition

Why present Gilgamesh as a bad king? Why do the animals reject Enkidu after he has intercourse with Shamhat? What does their rejection mean? Why does reason and understanding result from Enkidu's episode Shamhat? What more defines a man, according to the epic?

Oct. 1 Gilgamesh
Tablets 2 and 3: eroticism, male bonding, heroic challenge and anticipation

Why does Gilgamesh propose killing Humbaba? What role does Ninsun play in the drama? Assess the approach/avoidance motif shared between Gilgamesh and Enkidu.


Oct. 4 Gilgamesh Tablets 4 and 5: Humbaba and the journey to the Cedar Forest; read also "Gilgamesh and Huwawa A and B," pp. 104-120 in the Norton edition

What distinguishes Gilgamesh from Enkidu? Why detail Gilgamesh's dreams? What do his dreams mean? Does anything make Humbaba a sympathetic character?

Oct. 6 Gilgamesh Tablet 6: Ishtar, sex and heroism; read also "Gilgamesh and the Bull of Heaven," pp. 120 - 129, and Rivkah Harris's essay, pp. 207 - 218 in the Norton edition

Is Gilgamesh afraid of Ishtar? Is Gilgamesh's pride involved? Why does Ishtar want Gilgamesh in the first place? What is Enkidu's role in the rejection and in the death of the Bull of Heaven? How does the Bull of Heaven's death compare with Humbaba's?

#1 response paper due
Oct. 8
Gilgamesh
Tablets 7 through 9: the death of Enkidu and Gilgamesh's reaction: violence and sympathy

Why does Enkidu change his mind about cursing Shamhat? How do curses compare with dreams?

Oct. 11 Gilgamesh Tablets 10 and 11: the journey to the underworld, the flood story, and walls; read also "Gilgamesh, Enkidu, and the Netherworld" and "The Death of Gilgamesh," pp. 129-155 in the Norton edition

Tablet 10 culminates in Utanapishtim's description of death ("Then, suddenly, there is nothing"-- X, 314). How have we been prepared for this description? How does it differ from other actions and descriptions that preceded it? From scorpion-men and Siduri the tavern-keeper to Utanapishtim, how does their advice count for Gilgamesh and for the audience? Since death is so much this text's concern, how do you account for its failure to recount Gilgamesh's death?

Oct. 13 The Trojan Women: Poseidon and Athena, the towers of Ilium, and fate

Please read the entire play before class. We will concentrate on the first half of the play today (up to the separation of Astyanax from Andromache, p. 58), the second half on Friday.
Dialogue is what a play is all about. How does dialogue change in form and content relative to particular speakers?
Think of the pacing of the play; why does it begin with the dialogue between Poseidon and Athena? How does a "chorus" work? Why include the chorus in a play? Compare short and long speeches (for instance, Andromache on p. 53): what are their different effects?
Even though Poseidon and Athena begin the play, Hecuba is on stage. How does this prepare you for the play? Is Hecuba right when she says, "Pain crushes pain" (p. 51)?


Oct. 15 #2 response paper due

The Trojan Women: Hecuba, Cassandra, Andromache, Astyanax and generation

Helen and Menelaus, the death of Astyanax: is this the worst, to have Astyanax's dead body brought back to the stage? What about Helen and Menelaus? Note what Hecuba calls Zeus on p. 61: what does she mean?

Oct. 18 Trojan Barbie, by Christine Evans, which recently debuted. Please read the play and think about its relation to Trojan Women . We have many ways in: the setting, the contrasts between characters (why does Evans resurrect Polyxena in Polly X?). Think about Evans' added character Lotte: is this a cheap trick, or a profound statement?


Oct. 20 Trojan Barbie and Trojan Women: what's changed? What does TB do with TW's crazy Cassandra? with Talthybius? What about the final scene in each play? And why does Evans use the doll motif?

*First formal paper due
Oct. 22
Introduction to The Monkey and the Monk

Please read the preface and the first chapter, through page 18, and consult the materials on Blackboard

Oct. 25 The Monkey and the Monk, Preface and Chapters 2 through 4, pp. 19-66.

Buddhism, Daoism, Confucianism; India, China, origins and the Dear Monkey.
Titles and prestige from the Jade Emperor. Note: Tathagata is another name for the Buddha.


Oct. 27 The Monkey and the Monk, Chapters 5 and 6, pp. 67-96

The ego and appetite of Monkey; Guanyin, mercy, drunkenness, and triumph

Oct. 29 The Monkey and the Monk, Chapters 7 and 8, pp. 97-127.

Guanyin's journey and her finding of The Great Sage (Chapter Eight). What role does poetry play in Chapter Eight? What does it mean to change the Monkey's body (p. 99)? Why the recoap on page 101? Why is the Buddha humble before the Jade Emperor (p. 105)? What are we learning about the Boddhisatva? The dragon we encounter in Chapter 8 will become Sun Wukong's horse in Chapter 15. Why end the chapter with the Monkey released from his mountain punishment to become Sun Wukong?

Nov. 1 The Monkey and the Monk, Chapters 9 through 12, pp. 98-202: finding the monk who will bring back the sacred scrolls.
This is the "backstory" of Tripitaka ("River Float"), the scripture-bearer whom Guanyin seeks to accompany Sun Wukong on his journey to secure the scriptures. For a character with such a turbulent and romantic beginning, Tripitaka is a bit of a coward. How does his character advance the story?

Nov. 3 The Monkey and the Monk, Chapters 13 through 17, pp. 203-274: "Pilgrim" and Bajie join Tripitaka For your response papers (due on Friday the 5th), you could choose one of these five topics:

  • Bajie's and Sun Wukong's relationship

  • Sun Wukong's admirable traits, and bad traits -- what's the point?

  • What makes the Tang emperor a good emperor? Why is it important to the text?

  • Look at Buddha subduing Sun Wukong and/or the process leading up to it (Chapter 7): what's the point/tenor/meaning of the episode?

  • Besides on p. 272, where else have we encountered the Heart Sutra? What does it mean that it shows up in this chapter?

#3 response paper due
Nov. 5 CATCH UP WITH READING, THEMES, CONTRASTS

 

Nov. 8 The Monkey and the Monk, Chapters 18 and 19, pp. 275-304: lessons and adventures
FInally the horse of the will, Sha Wujing! What do the first lines of Chapter 19 mean? Why do they appear now?

Nov. 10 The Monkey and the Monk, Chapters 20 and 21, pp. 305-337: dragons
Tiger, deer, and goat -- all are symbolic, all are vanquished. How do you characterize the humor with which they are vanquished? Do you think Quentin Tarentino read this book? What about the Bureau of Five-Grain Transmigration (p. 319)?

Nov. 12 The Monkey and the Monk, Chapters 22 through 24, pp. 338-385: moth-brows and phoenix eyes

Compare the female in this episode with those in Chapter 19

Nov. 15 The Monkey and the Monk, Chapters 25 through 28, pp. 386-448: humor
Tripitaka the coward -- what distinguishes cowardice from obedience?
Considering all the repetition of motifs, does repetition force the reader to find nuance?

 

Nov. 17 The Monkey and the Monk, Chapters 29 through 31 (the end of the book), pp. 449-497: prayers
What is the real (p. 449)?

#4 response paper due
Nov. 19
FIELD TRIP TO JORDAN SCHNITZER MUSEUM OF ART for a guided tour of "Giuseppe Vasi's Rome"

Nov. 22The Tempest, Act 1: Discovering a new world, and treachery

How does the first scene set up the character and characters of the play? Why is Prospero so worried that Miranda will fall asleep? Are Ariel and Caliban opposites or two sides of the same coin?

*Second formal paper due
Nov. 24
The Tempest, Act II: brothers, family, and power

Why were Alonso and his entourage on a voyage in the first place? What makes the sibling relationship an appropriate vehicle for exploring rivalry? How would you stage Caliban?

 

Nov. 26 NO CLASS
HAPPY THANKSGIVING!

Nov. 29 The Tempest, Act III: The discovery of love

Although love trials are a common theme in medieval romance, do the particulars of Ferdinand's bondage suggest other meanings? Why have Ariel accuse Alonso?

Dec. 1 The Tempest, Act IV: the interpretation of magic

Do Ceres and Iris embody qualities we've seen in other works? What purpose do they serve in the play? Why are clothes the way to trick Stephano and Trinculo?

Dec. 3 The Tempest, Act V: the use of art

Do Sebastian and Antonio repent? Why does Prospero forgive them? Or does he? Why end the play with Prospero as Epilogue?