|
506 |
Aricia--Latins and Aristodemus defeat Etruscans; the latter withdraw north of the Tiber. |
|
500-400 |
Arrival of Gauls in northern Italy. Po Valley occupied; henceforth called "Gallia Cisalpina" = "Gaul, this side of the Alps" |
|
496 |
Battle of Lake Regillus--Latins defeated in battle about the hegemony of Rome in Latium. |
|
494-3 |
First
secession of the Plebs
Foedus Cassianum--alliance of two equal groups against hill tribes agree to establish colonies and share the booty equally. |
| 471 | Lex Publilia Voleronis: Concilium of the Plebs and tribunes recognized |
|
460 |
Cincinnatus and the Aequi (Liv 3, 26) The Latin League successfully at work. Seasonal campaigning against the semi-nomadic hill tribes. |
| 451/443 | Law
of the Twelve Tables Second secession of the Plebs; Valerian-Horatian laws define rights of tribunes and establish number at 10 Quaestors elected by Plebs; Comitia Tributa established? Censorship established |
|
460-420 |
Important colonies (independent communities) established. |
|
405-396 |
Veii (a 10 year siege). Veii was a highly urbanized Etruscan community just up the Tiber from Rome, indeed she sat astride the road to the interior. Rome's territory doubled and considerable booty distributed. Dedications to Apollo suggest increasing contact with Greece and Greek ideas. |
|
390 |
Allia--"black day"; Roman army destroyed by Gauls. Roman spears unable to stop the first rush or to be effective against Gallic long swords. The city sacked (cf. Liv. 5.11). |
|
390-360 |
Numerous border wars as consequence of Gallic catastrophe |
| 367 - 6 | Licinian-Sextian
laws limit amount of public land to be held by any private individual First plebeian consul; praetorship created |
|
358 |
Latin league re-organized. |
|
354 |
Treaty with Samnites (a group of Italic tribes
in central Italy). Sphere of influence re-defined
and extended; common front against Gauls. |
|
343 |
Rome rejects treaty when Capua, a wealthy, settled Greek city under attack from Samnites, asks for aid. |
|
340-338 |
The Great Latin War.
|
|
326-304 |
Second Samnite War: Naples, again
a developed and prosperous Greek city, seeks Roman aid against Samnites.
Campania too important to be ignored. Rome ventures into mountains
but has much to learn. |
|
321 |
Battle of Caudine Forks--20,000 Romans captured, but Rome can now put an army of 40,000 in the field. Victory came by extending lines (that is strategically sited colonies and the via Valeria) to Adriatic and dividing Samnites. |
|
298-290 |
300
Opening of priestly colleges to plebeians Third Samnite War: Again Rome succeeded due to successful implementation of policy of interior lines, defeating her enemies separately. |
| 295 | Critical battle of Sentinum and of Clusium when the Samnites and Etruscans defeated respectively, but separately. That Rome would wage such a war against all these forces at the same time is a sure indication of the overwhelming resources she commanded --four field legions (4x4500) with at least as many allies for a total of 37,000 or more(more than Alexander had taken to Asia). Colony at Venusia founded to control southern Samnium. |
|
287 |
Lex Hortensia gives plebiscita of the Concilium of the Plebs the force of law (conclusion of the struggle of the orders) |