Major events between the Persian and the Peloponnesian Wars

478 Pausanias, Spartan regent, leads Hellenic League fleet, capturing Cyprus & Byzantium from Persians. Founding of Delian League dominated by Athens
470s Themistocles ostracized for Medism, lived in Argos, then fled to Persia
460s Cimon, commanded operations at Eion, Skyros & Thasos, was most powerful man in Athens. Cimon favored Sparta over Persians
469 to 399 Socrates, called the "moral" philosopher, born in Athens, the son of a sculptor and a midwife; Plato was his student
465 Artaxerxes becomes Persian king, gives Themistocles asylum
464 Earthquake at Sparta and revolt of Messenia
463 Thasos seceded from Delian League and is captured by Athens
462 Ephialtes, opponent of Cimon, reforms Athenian courts - Several popular courts, jury of 500 over 30 years of age. Each case was brought before an archon that gave a preliminary hearing. Procedures for hearing complaints against retiring magistrates from archons to courts.
462 Athenians Cimon ostracized and Ephilates murdered
462 Sparta appeals for help with the Messinian Revolt from Athens. Cimon leads Athenian force to Messenia but is spurned by Spartans
461 to 429 The "Golden Age of Pericles." Pericles,  born 490, passed proposal introducing pay for jurors. Pericles preferred to make peace with Persians and oppose Spartans
460 to 446 1st Peloponnesian War due to rejection of aid to Sparta  in 462 and alliance with Thessaly, Megara & Argos, at war with Sparta. Indecisive outcome.
460 to 454 Athens and allies send fleet of 200 to conquer Egypt from Persians. Expelled in 454. Greatest disaster for Delian League
460 to 451 War between Argos and Sparta
457 Pericles commands Athens at battle of Tanagra against Sparta, first direct battle. Spartan victory at Tanagra, Athenian victories at Boetia & Aegina
454 Transfer of Delian League treasury to Athens. Disaffection of League allies from 454 to 450. Miletus revolts
451 Five year truce between Athens & Sparta
450 Cimon leads 200 ships against Persians in Egypt and Cyprus. Cimon dies in battle, no further large scale battles between Delian League and Persians. "Peace of Callias?"
450 to 400 Thucydides, historian of Peloponesean Wars
447 to 433 Parthenon built
446 1st Peloponessian War ends. Thirty Years Peace. Parties swore to abide peacefully for 30 years.
444 Ostracism between Thucydides and Pericles Former ostracized.
443 to 428 Pericles hold office of general
440s Samos & Byzantium Revolt from Delian League suppressed by Pericles
438 Statue of Athene Parthenos created by Phidias set up in Parthenon
437 Prosecution of Phidias by enemies of Pericles.. First accused of stealing gold from statue of Athena, then of impiety for putting likeness of himself and Pericles' on Athena's Shield.