Voluntary Societies and Mobilization

of a Russian Imperial Public:

An Aggregation of Most Active Organizations, 1855-1866

This table presents more than 248 of the most important voluntary societies that flourished in the most intense years of "great reforms" and "revolutionary situations" in the middle of the 19th century. The number of actual active groups was several times larger than 248. But here a selection has been made from the full inventory of voluntary social action, based on duration, intensity and breadth of "networking" [what contemporaries called obshchenie (ID)]. Special importance is placed on those voluntary societies with heavy participation of the major public figures of the era [ID].

Table of Contents
Explanations and Brief Analyses of MAIN TABLE
Foundation dates
Place
Duration
Varieties of Organizations
MAIN TABLE


 

Explanations and Brief Analyses of MAIN TABLE

COLUMN 1 = Name of voluntary society, presented in alphabetical order according to two nomenclatures =

(1) Specific Russian names of associations and organizations, displayed with key word in first place. EG=

biblioteka = Library
khudozhestv = Art
knizhnyi = Book [Store]
Komitet gramotnosti = Literarcy Committee
Litfond = Litfond | Literary Fund
shakhmatnoi = Chess Club
Velikoruss = Great Russian [a secret political committee]
vrache = Medical
Yuridich = Juridical [a single society devoted to the newly emerging legal profession]
Zemlia i volia = Land and Liberty [underground revolutionary society]

Some generic categories are identified (but not alphabetized) by second or subsequent words in the full names of individual groups and are therefore best searched via the FIND function [ID]. EG=

F/liubitelei/ [Amateurs]
F/Vol’no/ [Free (IE=licensed)]

(2) Several generic categories of groups are arranged under key terms rather than under specific group names. Specific names in these cases would alphabetize all over the lot. EG=

bank
communal association
Demonstrations
journal staff
kruzhok
[small informal circle]
Masonic Lodges
mutual association

prizrenie [charity]
Public assemblies
rasprostranenie [promotional, especially promotion of educational institutions]
strakhovanie [insurance]
theatre
tn.b” [steamship company]
tn.r” [railroad company]
tpg” [printing establishment], and
trade
trezvosti [temperance brotherhoods]
Voskresnye shkoly [Sunday schools].
zavod [factory].

The list of banks, printing establishments, zavody, insurance, railroad and steamship companies above, reminds us that the table includes a number of what might ordinarily be thought of as "institutions", both political/administrative and business/economic institutions rather than "voluntary societies". They are entered here because they represent a characteristic trend in these years. Many critical institutions shifted from ASSIGNMENT and toward VOLUNTARY activities [ID].

EG= OPT or Mskz.

A similar shift took place in several professions that were breaking away from ASSIGNMENT toward VOLUNTARY or independent self-management.

EG= khudozhestv or Komitet gramotnosti or theatre or Voskresnye shkoly or vrache or Yuridich.

The process bore some relationship to what more recently has been called "privatization", except that these mid-19th-century developments were accompanied by vigorous public participation, input and, if you will, checks and balances. The emerging public frequently insisted on glasnost' [openness, "transparency"].

Four significant clusters of institutions that experienced a shift like this and should be thought a part of this mix are not listed in the table below = village assemblies [mirskie skhody], gentry assemblies [dvorianskie sobraniia], city councils [singular gorodskaia duma], and the first surprising governmental novelty of the era, the peace arbitrators [mirovye posredniki]. The second surprising governmental novelty was the creation of institutions of provincial self-administration [Zemstvo] which is also not entered in the table below because it did not have serious impact on Russian political culture until more than a decade after creation.

COLUMN 2 = Date of foundation or flux (n=248)

Prior to 1800 ------ n=07
Prior to 1825 ------ n=09
Time of Nicholas I - n=28
1856-1858 ---------- n=34 (subtotal up to 1858 n=78)
1859 --------------- n=33
1860s sometime ----- n=07
1860 --------------- n=31
1861 --------------- n=28
1862 --------------- n=20 (1859 through 1862 n=119 or 48%)
1863 --------------- n=13
1864 --------------- n=04
1865 --------------- n=16
1866 --------------- n=02
1867 and later ----- n=08
Undetermined ------- n=08

COLUMN 3 = Place

KIV=Kiev ------------------ n=003
KZN=Kazan ----------------- n=005
MVA=Moscow ---------------- n=053
ODE=Odessa ---------------- n=009
PRM=Perm ------------------ n=003
SAR=Saratov --------------- n=004
SPB=Saint Petersburg ------ n=117
S/M=Petersburg & Moscow --- n=002 (also counted above)
VLG=Volga River drainage -- n=004
VsR=Nation-wide ----------- n=025
WZA=Warsaw, Poland -------- n=004
XRK=Kharkov --------------- n=004
Other provincial centers -- n=016
Abroad -------------------- n=005
Undetermined -------------- n=003

COLUMN 4 = Years of existence (1 year minimum, but “0” = one-time event; “~” = episodic)

Total known ---------------- n=130
One or less ---------------- n=026
Two ------------------------ n=014 (ca. 1/3=less than 3 years)
Three to five -------------- n=024
Six to nineteen ------------ n=017 (ca. 2/3=less than 20 years)
Twenty or more, to thirty -- n=014
Thirty or more, to 100 ----- n=023
One hundred or more -------- n=012 (four into our own time)

COLUMNS 5, 6 & 7 = Codes
COLUMN 5 = Primary generic codes in column 5. EG= c17 (Mutual societies)

c01 = Kruzhoks & salons ------------------------ n=16
c02 = Clubs ------------------------------------ n=08
c03 = Sport ------------------------------------ n=04
c08 = Women ------------------------------------ n=03 (+06)
c09 = Nationalistic or religious --------------- n=11 (+39 natal)
 [00s n=42]
c10 = Economic --------------------------------- n=15 (+81)
c11 = Banking and financial -------------------- n=06
c12 = Manufacturing ---------------------------- n=10
c13 = Steamboat transportation ----------------- n=08
c14 = Railroad transportation ------------------ n=04
c15 = Agricultural and related sciences -------- n=12
c17 = Mutual, insurance AND charitable [n=3] --- n=22 (+18)
c18 = Communes, artels, masterskie ------------- n=06
 [10s n=82]
c20 = Professional ----------------------------- n=06 (+18)
c21 = Scholarly/creative, “auteurs” ------------ n=16
c22 = Media: presses --------------------------- n=13
c23 = Journal staffs --------------------------- n=16 (+06)
c24 = Book trade ------------------------------- n=16
c25 = Libraries, reading rooms ----------------- n=04
c26 = Pedagogical (w/ schools & universities) -- n=11
 ["Print-Media Spectrum" (##21-26) n=76]

c27 = The arts & other cultural presentation --- n=13
c28 = Medical ---------------------------------- n=10 (+03)
c29 = Law -------------------------------------- n=01
 [20s n=106]
c90 = Political -------------------------------- n=06 (+07)
c91 = Addresses or petitions ------------------- n=01
c92 = Demonstrative gatherings ----------------- n=01
c99 = Secret, underground, conspiratorial ------ n=10
 [90s n=18]

 

COLUMN 6 = Codes specific to that row. EG=
LTF (Litfond)

COLUMN 7 = Secondary codes (those not added above in bold face). EG=

+a (avocational, vocational or professional) n=18
+e (economic)n=81
+i (institutional) n=39
+j (journalistic) n=06
+m (medical) n=03
+n (NATAL) n=39
+p (political) n=07
+v (mutual, cooperative, joint-stock) n=44
+w (women) n=06
+y (youth, student) n=10

To comb the TABLE for coded items, use FIND. EG= F/c22/ or F/+e/


 

MAIN TABLE
[N=248 (some entries are clusters of groups)]

Russian alphabetization by the first most significant Russian word
Exceptions =
(1) colloquial usage and
(2) groups organized by category

Translations:
rossiiskii
[Russian-imperial] and narodnyi [of the people] are frequently translated as national

Major Voluntary Societies, 1855-1866
[Translation]

Two [ID]

Three [ID]

Four [ID]

Five [ID]

Code

etc [EG= secondary codes]

Ad, “Organizatsiia”
--[Inferno (Ishutin’s) Organization]

1863

MVA

003

c99

IwO

+y

Aerztlicher Verein
--[Medical Union]

1855

SPB

 

c28

+n

akklimatizatsii zhivotnykh i rastenii, Russkoe obshchestvo
--[Russian Society for Animal and Plant Acclimatization]

1864

MVA

 

c15

+a

Angliiskii klub
--[English Club]

1770

S/M

147

c02

A.clb

 

arkheologicheskoe obshchestvo, Imperatorskoe russkoe
--[Imperial Russian Archeological Society]

1846

SPB

072

c21

R.rxl

 

arkheologicheskoe obshchestvo, Moskovskoe Imperatorskoe
--[Moscow Imperial Archeological Society]

1864

MVA

 

c21

M.rxl

 

arkhitektory, SPB-ie
--[Saint Petersburg Architects]

1865

SPB

 

c20

SPB.rkt

+e


Bank | kredita, SPBoe obshchestvo vzaimnogo
--[SPB Mutual Credit Society]

1863

SPB

 

c11

SPB.OVK

+v

Bank | kreditnoe obshchestvo, Moskovskoe gorodskoe
--[Moscow Credit Society]

1862

MVA

 

c11

MVA.kre

+v

Bank | kreditnoe obshchestvo, SPBoe gorodskoe
--[SPB City Credit Society]

1861

SPB

 

c11

SPB.kre

+v

bank, Moskovskii kupecheskii
--[Moscow Merchants Bank]

1865?

MVA

 

c11

kpq.bnk

+n

bank, Pozemel'nyi
--[Land Bank]

1860

TVR

 

c11

Pzm.bnk

+v

bankovoe i torgovoe obshchestvo v SPBe, Glavnoe
--[SPB Central Bank and Trade Society]

1859

SPB

 

c11

GBT

+v irx


biblioteka, Geidel'bergskaia
--[Heidelberg Library]

1862

GRM

 

c99

Hbbt

+i

biblioteka, Imperatorskaia publichnaia
--[Imperial Public Library]

1795

SPB

NOW

c25

Pbbt

+i

biblioteka, Permskaia publichnaia
--[Perm Public Library]

1859

PRM

003

c25

PRM.pbl.bbt

+i

biblioteka, Tverskaia publichnaia
--[Tver Public Library]

1861

TVR

 

c25

TVR.pbl.bbt

+i

biblioteka, Vladimirskaia publichnaia
--[Vladimir Public Library]

1859

VLA

005

c25

VLA.pbl.bbt

+i

chastnomu sluzhebnomu trudu, Obshchestvo dlia pooshchreniia i pokrovitel'stva
--[Society for Promotion and Protection of Private Servants’ and Clerks’ Jobs]

1865

VsR

 

c10

 

+n

chestnykh i blagorodnykh liudei, Klub
--[Club of Honorable and Noble Persons]

1860

XRK

002c

c02

 

+n


Communal artel’ Khristoforova
--[Khristoforov Commune]
864 SAR

001

c18 cmn.a.X +v

Communal artel’ plotnikov
--[Carpenters Commune]

1859

SPB

 

c18

cmn.a |p

+v

Communal artel’ | Portovaia artel’
--[Dockworkers Commune]

1863

SPB

 

c18

cmn.a |P

+v

Communal workshop Vodovozovoi
--[Workshop of Elizaveta Vodovozova]

1863

SPB

 

c18

cmn.Vdv

+v +n +w

Commune Sleptsova “Znamenskaia”
--[Vasilii Sleptsov’s “Znamenskaia” Commune]

1863

SPB

002

c01

cmn.Slp

+v

Commune Vedernikova
--[Commune of I.V. Vedernikov]

1865?

SPB

001

c18

cmn.Vdr

+v


Demonstrations | EG= Dobroliubov’s funeral, Arngold’s requiem, Pavlov petition
Plus four other noteworthy demonstrations

---

VsR

~

c92

dmn.fnr
dmn.pnx Pptn

 

dobrykh tselei, Obshchestvo
--[Good Deeds Society]

1859

ODE

 

c02

 

 

dukhovnogo prosveshcheniia, Obshchestvo liubitelei
--[Society of Amateurs of Spiritual Enlightenment]

1863

MVA

 

c21

 

+n

ekipazhei, Obshchestvo Moskovskikh obshchestvennykh
--[Moscow Public Transport Society]

1859

MVA

001

c10

 

 

ekonomicheskoe obshchestvo, Imperatorskoe Kazanskoe
--[Imperial Economic Society in Kazan]

1839

KZN

025+

c10

KZN

 

entomologicheskoe obshchestvo, Russkoe
--[Russian Entomological Society]

1859

SPB

 

c15

 

 

Entsiklopedicheskii slovar', sostavl. russkimi uchenymi i literatorami
--[Encyclopedic Dictionary, produced by Rus. Scholars & Writers]

1861

SPB

002

c21

EnS

 

estestvoispytatelei prirody, Obshchestvo
--[Natural Science Society]

1844

RIG

020+

c15

 

+a

estestvoznaniia pri Moskovskom universitete, Obshchestvo liubitelei
--[Society of Natural Science Amateurs at Moscow University]

1863

MVA

050+

c15

 

+a

Evang.-Bibelgesellschaft
--[Evangelical-Bible Society]

1858

MVA

 

c21

 

+n

evreiskoe obshchestvo, Odesskoe
--[Odessa Jewish Society]

1859~

ODE

 

c09

Jwx.obx

 

Filarmonicheskoe obshchestvo v Sankt-peterburge
--[Philharmonic Society of Saint Petersburg]

1802

SPB

060+

c27

 

mzk

geograficheskoe obshchestvo, Imperatorskoe Rossiiskoe
--[Imperial Russian Geographic Society]

1845

SPB

NOW

c21

RGO

 

geograficheskogo obshchestva, Politiko-ekonomicheskii komitet
--[Political-Economy Committee of the Imperial Russian Geographic Society]

1859

SPB

003

c90

PEcmmRG

+a +e F/PEcmmV/

gorodskogo molochnogo khoziaistva, Obshchestvo
--[City Dairy Society]

1865

VsR SPB

 

c10

 

 

Hromada, Malorossiiskaia
--[Little-Russian (Ukrainian) Gromada]

1860s

VsR

040c

c09

M.Hrm

 

inzhener-tekhnologov i gornykh tekhnikov, Obshchestvo
--[Society of Technical Engineers and Mining Technicians]

1861

--

 

c20

 

projected

ispytatelei prirody pri Moskovskom universitete, Obshchestvo
--[Society of Natural Scientists at Moscow University]

1805

MVA

NOW

c15

 

+a

issledovaniia Yaroslavskoi gubernii v estestvenno-istoricheskom otnoshenii, Obshchestvo dlia
--[Society for Study of Yaroslavl Provincial Natural History]

1864

YAR

 

c15

 

+a

istoricheskoe obshchestvo, Russkoe [Russian Historical Society]

1866

SPB

 

c21

RIO

 

istorii i drevnostei rossiiskikh, Imperatorskoe Moskovskoe obshchestvo
--[Imperial Moscow Society for Russian History & Antiquities]

1804

MVA

125

c21

MVA.I&D

 

istorii i drevnostei, Imperatorskoe Odesskoe obshchestvo
--[Imperial Odessa Society for History and Antiquities]

1839

ODE

030+

c21

ODE.I&D

 

izdaniia deshevykh knig dlia naroda, Obshchestvo dlia
--[Society for Publication of Inexpensive Books for the People]

1862

SPB

004

c24

IDK

+e

izdaniia populiarnykh knig, Redaktsionnaia komiteta dlia
--[Editorial Committee for the Publication of Popular Books]

1860

SPB

002

c24

IPK

+e

izdatel'nits, Artel'
--[Women Publishers Artel]

1863

SPB

015c

c24

cmn.a.p

+e +n +w +v

izdatel'skaia [#2], Artel' | izdatel’skaia, Artel’ [#1] F/Vek/
--[Publishers Artel (#2)]

1865

SPB

001

c24

AIzd

+e +v

Joint stock companies [for leading examples, F/+v/]

1850s

VsR

010c

c10 +v

Journal staff | Bibliograficheskie zapiski
--[Bibliographic Notes]

1861

MVA

003

c23

BiZ

+e

Journal staff | Dukh Khristianina
--[The Christian Spirit]

1861

SPB

004

c23

DuX

+e +n

Journal staff | Iskra
--[Spark]

1859

SPB

006

c23

Iskra

+e

Journal staff | Knizhnyi vestnik
--[Book Herald]

1860

SPB

007

c23

KnV

+e

Journal staff | Moskvitianin
--[Muscovite]

1841

MVA

015

c23

Moskvit

+e

Journal staff | Narodnaia beseda
--[Talk of the People]

1862

SPB

005

c23

NBe

+e

Journal staff | Narodnoe chtenie
--[Popular Reader]

1859

SPB

003

c23

NaC

+e

Journal staff | Ocherki | Gazeta politicheskaia i literaturnaia
--
[Reports | Political and Literary Newspaper]

1863

SPB

001

c23

Ocherki

+e

Journal staff | Russkaia beseda
--[Russian Talk]

1856

MVA

004

c23

RBe

+e

Journal staff | Russkii vestnik
--[Russian Herald]

1856

MVA

002

c23

RVe

+e

Journal staff | Russkoe slovo
--[Russian Word]

1859

SPB

007

c23

RSl

+e

Journal staff | Sel’skoe blagoustroistvo
--[Agricultural Management]

1858

MVA

002

c23

SeB

+e

Journal staff | Sovremennik
--[The Contemporary]

1859

SPB

007

c23

Svm

+e

Journal staff | Svetoch, Vremia, and Epokha
--[Torch, Time and Epoch]

1860

SPB

005

c23

Svetoch

+e

Journal staff | Vek, Artel’nyi zhurnal
--[Artel Journal “Century”]

1862

SPB

001

c18

Vk2

+e +j

Journal staff | Vestnik promyshlennosti
--[Industrial Herald]

1858

MVA

003

c23

VeP

+e

Journal staff | Voennyi sbornik
--[Military Anthology]

1858

SPB

002

c23

VoS

+e

Journalist petition regarding. censorship reform in 1861 March

1861

MVA

001

c91

Jptn

+j

Khlopomany
--[?? Zealots]

1860s

UKR

 

c09

Xlop

 


khudozhestv v Tsarstve Pol'skom, Obshchestvo dlia pooshchreniia
--[Society for the Promotion of Art in Tsarist Poland]

1860

WZA

 

c27

 

+e +n POL

khudozhestv, Imperatorskoe obshchestvo pooshchreniia
--[Imperial Society for the Promotion of Art]

1820

SPB

109

c27

Imp.xdj

+e

khudozhestva, Obshchestvo liubitelei
--[Society of Amateurs of the Arts]

1860

SPB

 

c27

 

+e

khudozhestvennoe obshchestvo, Moskovskoe
--[Moscow Art Society]

1843

MVA

020+

c27

 

+e

khudozhestvennykh vystavok, Tovarishchestvo peredvizhnykh
--[The Itinerants (Peredvizhniki)]

1870

SPB

 

c27

Peredv

+e

khudozhnikov, Klub
--[Artists' Club]

1858

SPB

001

c27

X.clb

+e

khudozhnikov, Sankt-peterburskaia artel’
--[Saint Petersburg Artists Artel]

1863

SPB

 

c27

 

+e +v

khudozhnikov, Sobranie
--[Assembly of Artists]

1865

SPB

 

c27

 

+e

Kirillo-Mefodievskoe Bratstvo
--[Cyril-Methodios Brotherhood]

1846

KIV

001

c09

KMO

 


knizhno-torgovogo kommisionerstva, Obshchestvo
--[Book-trade Commissioners Society]

1858

VsR

004

c24 K=tK +e
RQR | IiU
IiK | K-tK

Knizhnyi magazin Ballina,N
--[Ballin Book Store]

1860

UKR

002

c24

kmg.Bal

+e KOS XRK KUR

Knizhnyi magazin Bazunova,I
--[Bazunov Book Store]

1859

MVA

 

c24

kmg.Baz

+e

Knizhnyi magazin Davydova,A
--[Davydov Book Store]

1859

SPB

 

c24

kmg.Dav

+e

Knizhnyi magazin Kozhanchikova,D
--[Kozhanchikov Book Store]

1858

SPB

017

c24

kmg.Kjn

+e VsR

Knizhnyi magazin Nikitina
--[Nikitin Book Store]

1858

VOR

 

c24

kmg.Nik

+e

Knizhnyi magazin Serno-Solov'evicha,N
--[Serno-Solov’evich Book Store]

1861

SPB

008

c24

kmg.Srn

+e

Knizhnyi magazin Smirdina
--[Smirdin Book Store]

1830s

SPB

005??

c24

kmg.Smi

+e

Knizhnyi magazin Yakovleva,VV
--[Yakovlev Book Store]

1862

SPB

 

c24

kmg.Ykv

+e


Komitet gramotnosti Moskovskogo obshchestva sel'skogo khoziaistva
--[Literacy Committee of the Moscow Agricultural Society]

1859

MVA

036

c26

Kgrm.skz

~Kgrm.VEO

Komitet gramotnosti Vol’nogo ekonomicheskogo obshchestva
--[Literacy Committee of the Imperial Free Economic Society]

1861

SPB

034

c26

Kgrm.VE

~~Kgrm.skz

konskogo bega, Obshchestvo okhotnikov
--[??Horserace Fan Club]

1860s

MVA

 

c03

 

 

konskogo zimskogo bega, Obshchestvo okhotnikov
--[Winter Horserace Fan Club in Saint Petersburg]

1860

SPB

 

c03

 

 

konskogo zimskogo bega, Obshchestvo okhotnikov
--[Winter Horserace Fan Club in Khar'kov]

1860s

XRK

 

c03

 

 

Konstitutsionnaia partiia
--[Constitutional Party]

1865

SPB

001

c90

cst.pty

+i


Kruzhok Bliummer & Aleksandrovskoi
--[Antonina Bliummer & Varvara Aleksandorvskaia’s kruzhok]

1861

SPB

001

c01

krj.Bli

+y

Kruzhok Eleny Pavlovny
--[Grand Princess Elena Pavlovna’s kruzhok]

 

SPB

 

c01

krj.T0a

 

Kruzhok Kasatkina
--[Viktor Kasatkin’s kruzhok]

 

MVA

 

c01

krj.Kas

 

Kruzhok Kavelina
--[Konstantin Kavelin’s kruzhok]

 

SPB

??

c01

krj.Kvn

 

Kruzhok Kostomarova
--[Nikolai Kostomarov’s kruzhok, first in Saratov, then in Petersburg]

 

SAR

004

c01

krj.Kst

 

Kruzhok Lavrova
--[Petr Lavrov’s kruzhok, with military and civilian sections]

1860s

SPB

010

c01

krj.Lvr

 

Kruzhok Sierakowski-Dombrowski
--[Zygmund Sierakowski and Stefan Dombrowski’s kruzhok]

1861

SPB

002

c01

krj.S-D

+n POL

Kruzhok Soldatenkova
--[Koz’ma Soldatenkova’s kruzhok]

1860

MVA

002

c01

krj.Sld

 

Kruzhok Studencheskii pri Kazanskom universitete
--[Kazan University Student Circle]

1860

KZN

001

c01

Plst

+y

Kruzhok Suslovoi
--[Nadezhda Suslova’s krukhok]

1861

SPB

001

c01

krj.Ssl

 

Kruzhok Tiblena
--[Leon and Nikolai Tiblen’s kruzhok]

1860s

SPB

005

c01

krj.Tbl

 

Kruzhok Trubnikovoi
--[Mariia Trubnikova’s kruzhok]

1859

SPB

003

c01

krj.Trb

+y

Kruzhok Utina
--[Nikolai Utin’s kruzhok]

1861

SPB

001

c01

krj.Utn

+y

Kruzhok Vvedenskogo
--[Iriarkh Vvedenskii’s kruzhok]

1842

SPB

013

c01

krj.Vvd

 

Kupecheskii klub
--[Kazan Merchants Club]

1861

KZN

 

c02

K.clb

+n kpg

Kupecheskii klub, [e.g.=] Vyshnevolotskii
--[Vyshnevolotskii Merchants Club]

1865

VsR

 

c02

K.clb

+n kpg

Lettisch-literärisch.Gesellschaft
--[Lithuanian Literary Society in Mitava]

1858

MTV

 

c09

 

 

literaturnoe obshchestvo, Russkoe
--[Russian Literary Society]

1896

SPB

005

c21

 

 

literaturnyi fond, Sotsialisticheskii
--[Socialist Litfond]

1887

SWZ

 

c21

 

 


Litfond | Literaturnyi fond |Obshchestvo posobiia nuzhdaiushchimisya literatorami i uchenymi

--[Literary Fund |Litfond |Society for Aid of Needy Writers and Scholars]

1859

SPB

100+

c21

LTF

 

Litfond | Studencheskii otdel
--[Litfond Student Section]

1861

SPB

001

c21

LTF.std.sct

+y


liubitelei Rossiiskoi slovesnosti pri Imperatorskom Moskovskom Universitete, Obshchestvo

--[Society of Amateurs of Russian Letters at Moscow University]

1858

MVA

072

c21

LRS

 


Masonstvo; Frank-Masonstvo
--[Free masons]

1770s

VsR

100+

c02

msn

 

Matematicheskoe obshchestvo pri Moskovskom universitete
--[Mathematical Society at Moscow University]

1867

VsR

 

c21

mth.obx

1811:Original

mineralogicheskoe obshchestvo, Imperatorskoe
--[Imperial Minerological Society]

1817

SPB

040+

c21

 

+e


Mutual | kupecheskoe obshchestvo dlia vzaimnogo vspomozheniia, Russkoe
--[Russian Merchants Mutual Aid Society]

1861

VsR

 

c17

M |kup

+e +n

Mutual | meditsinskaia kassa, Vspomogatel’naia
--[Medical Pension Fund]

1861

SPB

 

c28

M |medi

+e mdx

Mutual | prikashchikov [prikazchikov], Vspomogatel’nye kassy
--[Mutual Aid Fund for Shop Clerks]

1859

VsR

 

c17

M |prik

+e prl | Many

Mutual | prikashchikov evreev, Obshchestvo vzaimnogo vspomozheniia
--[Mutual Aid Society for Jewish Shop Clerks]

1865

ODE

015?

c17

M |prik

+n prl +e

Mutual | sluzhby, SPBoe obshchestvo vzaimnogo vspomozheniia lits grazhdanskoi
--[Saint-Petersburg Civil Service Mutual Aid Society]

1859

SPB

 

c17

M |sluzh

+e qnv

Mutual | studentov, Obshchestvo dlia vzaimnogo vspomozheniia
--[Student Mutual Aid Society]

1865

SPB

001

c17

M |stud

+a +y
Several

Mutual | tipografov, slovolitchikov, litografov, ksilografov i fotografov v SPBe, Vspomogatel’naia kassa dlia
--[St.Petersburg Typographers, Typecasters, Lithographers, Etchers and Photographers Pension Fund]

1840

SPB

050+

c17

M |tipo

+e +n tpg

Mutual | udeshevleniia kvartir i zhiznennykh pripasov, Aktsionernoe obshchestvo dlia
--[Joint-stock Society for Reduction of Costs for Housing and Daily Necessities]

1860

SPB

 

c17

M |udes

+e +v

Mutual | zhenshchinam v SPB-e, Obshchestvo dlia posobiia bednym
--[Society for Aid to Poor Women]

1865

SPB

 

c08

M |zhen

+w

Mutual | zhiteliam, Obshchestvo dostavleniia deshevykh kvartir i drugikh posobii nuzhdaiushchimsia
--[Society for Provision of Inexpensive Housing and other Aid for Poor Inhabitants]

1859

SPB

025+

c17

M |zhit

 

muzykal'noe obshchestvo, Russkoe
--[Russian Musical Society]

1859

SPB

058

c27

mzk.obx

 

nezavisimosti Sibiri, Obshchestvo
--[Siberian Independence Society]

1861

SPB

004

c99

ONS

+n SBR

obshchestvennogo zdraviia, Obshchestvo
--[Public Health Society]

1860

SPB

 

c17

 

+m

Obshchii stol
--Public Cafeteria
]

1860

PRM

 

c10

 

+v

Odesskii klub [Odessa Club]

1862

ODE

 

c02

ODE.clb

 

ofitserov v Pol'she, Komitet Russkikh
--[Committee of Russian Officers in Poland]

1861

WZA

002

c99

OvPOL

+n POL

Ognespasitel'noi snariad
--[Firefighting Squad]

1859

MVA

 

c10

 

 

Ogół
--[Landsmen (Fellow Polish students)]

1850s

S/M

~

c09

 

+a POL +y

osveshcheniia gazom, SPBoe obshchestvo
--[Saint-Petersburg Gaslight Society]

1835

SPB

030+

c10

OOG

OSO also

Pedagogicheskoe obshchestvo
--[Pedagogical Society]

1857

SPB

022

c26

pdg.obx

 

Pikkvikskii klub
--[Pickwick Club]

1858

EKS

002

c02

P.clb

 

pracheshnykh zavedenii, Obshchestvo publichnykh
--[Public Laundry Society]

1859

MVA

 

c10

 

+v

Pravoslavnoe bratstvo
--[Orthodox Christian Brotherhood]

500s

VsR

300+

c09

Orlg.ob

+i +a +n


Prizrenie | bednykh, Obshchestvo Saratovskogo damskogo popechitel'stva o
--[Saratov Womens Society for the Protection of the Poor]

1860

SAR

 

c17

 

+n +w

Prizrenie | rabochego i nuzhdaiushchegosia naseleniia, Obshchestvo dlia uluchsheniia v SPb-e pomeshchenii
--[Society for Improvement of Housing for the Working and Needy Population of St.Petersburg]

1857

SPB

 

c17

prz.prl

+n

Prizrenie | Serpukhovskoe blagotvoritel'noe obshchestvo
--[Serpukhov Charitable Society]

1865

MVA

 

c17

 

gbx

psikhiatrov, Obshchestvo [Psychiatrists' Society]

1861

SPB

 

c20

psx.obx

+m


Public assemblies = banquets, readings, lectures, literary & other cultural “evenings” [vechery], exhibits

---

VsR

~

c01

 

 


rasprostraneniia gramotnosti i pervonachal'nogo obrazovaniia, Obshchestvo dlia
--[Society for Promotion of Literacy and Elementary Education]

1860

ENG

 

c26

rsp.grm

+n nrd
[krx prl] +e

rasprostraneniia gramotnosti i real'nykh znanii, Obshchestvo dlia
--[Society for Promotion of Literacy and Practical Skills]

1860

PRM

 

c26

rsp.PRM

+n nrd
[krx prl] +e

rasprostraneniia nachal'nogo obrazovaniia v Nizhegorodskoi gubernii, Obshchestvo dlia
--[Society for Promotion of Elementary Education in Nizhnii Novgorod Province]

1872

NNG

 

c26

rsp.NNG

+n nrd
[krx prl] +e

rasprostraneniia narodnoi gramotnosti, Obshchestvo dlia
--[Society for Promotion of National Literacy]

1859

KIV

 

c26

rsp.KIV

+n nrd
[krx prl] +e

rasprostraneniia nuzhno narodu knig i uchebnykh posobii, Obshchestvo dlia
--[Society for National Distribution of Needed Books and School Supplies]

1861

SPB VsR

 

c24

RNK

+n nrd
[krx prl] +e

rasprostraneniia poleznykh knig muzhdu narodom, Obshchestvo dlia
--[Society for Distribution of Useful Books Among the People]

1861

MVA VsR

??

c24

RPK

+n nrd
[krx prl] +e

rasprostraneniia prosveshcheniia mezhdu evreiami v Rossii, Obshchestvo dlia
--[Society for Promotion of Enlightenment among Jews in Russia]

1863

ODE

050+

c09

rsp.Jwx

+n

rasprostraneniia v narod gramotnosti, Kharkovskoe obshchestvo dlia
--[Kharkov Society for Promotion of National Literacy]

1869

XRK

 

c26

rsp.XRK

+n nrd
[krx prl]

rasprostraneniia v narod knig dlia chteniia, Obshchestvo dlia
--[Society for National Distribution of Readers]

1861

MVA VsR

 

c24

RKQ

+n nrd
[krx prl]

remeslennoe obshchestvo, Mitavskoe
--[Mitava Craftsmens Society]

1861

COU

 

c20

 

+n prl

Rolnicze, Towarzystwo
--[Polish Agricultural Association]

1857

WZA

004

c15

 

+n POL

Rząd narodowy |Zhond narodnyi
--[National Government]

1862

POL

002

c99

CKN

+n POL +i

sadovodstva, Russkoe obshchestvo liubitelei
--[Russian Society of Amateur Horticulturalists]

1860

MVA

 

c15

MVA.sdv

+a

sadovodstva, SPBoe Imperatorskoe obshchestvo
--[St.Petersburg Imperial Horticultural Society]

1858

SPB

 

c15

SPB.sdv

+a

Sel'skii khoziain
--[Agronomist]

1857

SPB

 

c15

Sskz

+a

sel'skogo khoziaistva iuzhnoi Rossii, Imperatorskoe obshchestvo
--[Imperial South Russian Agriculture Society]

1829

ODE

064+

c15

Oskz

+a


sel'skogo khoziaistva, Imperatorskoe Moskovskoe obshchestvo
--[Imperial Moscow Agriculture Society]

1820

MVA

098

c15

Mskz

+a


shakhmatnoi igry, Obshchestvo liubitelei
--[Amateur Chess Players Society]

1837

SPB

024

c90

WXM

 

sitsevykh platev, Obshchestvo
--[Cotton Dress Society]

 

?

 

c08

 

+w

slavianofilov, Obshchestvo
--[Slavophile Society]

1852

MVA

006

c09

SLF.obx

RUS

Slavianskie komitety
--[Slavic Committees]

1858

MVA

020

c09

SLV.cmm

SLV

Slavianskoe blagotvoritel'noe obshchestvo
--[Slavic Philanthropic Society]

1877

MVA

?

c09

SLV.blag

SLV


Strakhovaia kompaniia “Nadezhda”
--[“Hope” Insurance Company]

1847

SPB

020+

c17

 

+v

Strakhovanie | kapitalov i dokhodov, Rossiiskoe obshchestvo zastrakhovaniia
--[National Society for Insurance of Capital and Income]

1835?

SPB?

 

c17

 

+v

Strakhovanie | smertnykh sluchaev, Obshchestvo dlia
--[Life Insurance Company]

1775

SPB

 

c17

 

+v

strakhovaniia i transportirovaniia kladei i tovarnykh skladov s vydacheiu ssud, Rossiiskoe obshchestvo morskogo, rechnogo, sukhoputnogo
--[National Society for Sea, River, and Overland Insurance and for Shipping of Goods and Commercial Warehousing with Advancement of Loans]

1844

SPB

020+

c17

S&T.Co

+v

strakhovaniia ot ognia, Obshchestvo vzaimnogo
--[Mutual Fire Insurance Society]

1858

SPB

 

c17

 

+v

strakhovaniia, SPBoe obshchestvo
--[Saint Petersburg Insurance Society]

1858

SPB

 

c17

 

+v

strakhovoe ot ognia obshchestvo, Moskovskoe
--[Moscow Fire Insurance Society]

1858

MVA

 

c17

 

+v

Strakhovoe ot ognia tovarishchestvo “Salamandra”
--[“Salamander” Fire Insurance Company]

1846

SPB

020+

c17

 

+v

tekhnicheskoe obshchestvo, Imperatorskoe russkoe
--[Imperial Russian Technical Society]

1866

SPB

030+

c20

tkh.obx

+e

tekhnologicheskii institut, Prakticheskii
--[Institute of Applied Technology]

1828

SPB

050+

c20

tkh.tUt

+i +e


Theatre | Artisticheskii kruzhok
--[Artistic Circle]

1865

MVA

 

c27

ttx.krj

+e +i

Theatre | Artisticheskoe obshchestvo
--[Artistic Society]

1862

SPB

 

c27

ttx.obx

+e +i projected

Theatre | dramaticheskikh pisatelei, Obshchestvo russkikh
--[Russian Playwrights Society]

1845

MVA

020+

c27

ttx.pst

+e +i
txt.pst.obx


tn.b [steamship transport] | Baltic | Rossiiskaia-Baltiiskaia Kompaniia
--[Russian-Baltic Company]

1858

SPB

 

c13

RBK

+i +v

tn.b | Del’fin | Obshchestvo sudokhodstva i parokhodstva
--[Ship and Steamboat Society “Dolphin”]

1862

VsR

 

c13

 

+i +v

tn.b | Druzhina |Parokhodnoe obshchestvo
--[Steam Boat Society “Retinue”]

1860

VLG

 

c13

 

+i +v

tn.b | Kamsko-Volzhskoe parokhodnoe obshchestvo “Pol’za”
--[Kama-Volga River Steamboat Society “Advantage”]

1854

VLG

 

c13

 

+i +v


tn.b | Russkoe obshchestvo parokhodstva i torgovlia
--[Russian Steam Navigation and Trade Co.]

1856

ODE VsR

050+

c13

OPT

+i +v

tn.b | Volge “Neptun”, Tovarishchestvo parokhodstva po
--[Volga Steamboat Association “Neptune”]

1862

VsR

 

c13

 

+i +v

tn.b | Volge “Samolet”, Tovarishchestvo parokhodstva po
--[Steamboat Association “Flyer”]

1853

VLG

 

c13

 

+i +v

tn.b | Volge i Kaspiiskomu moriu “Kavkaz i Merkurii”, Obshchestvo parokhodstva po
--[Steamboat Society on the Volga and the Caspian Sea “Caucasus and Mercury”]

1843

VsR

068

c13

C&M

+i +v


tn.r [railroad transport] | Glavnoe obshchestvo Rossiiskikh zheleznykh dorog
--[Central National Railroad Society]

1857

SPB

??

c14

GJD

+i +v

tn.r | Moskovsko-Yaroslavskoi zheleznoi dorogi, Obshchestvo
--[Moscow-Yaroslavl Railroad Society]

1860

MVA

 

c14

MVA-YAR.rrd

+i +v

tn.r | Saratovskoi zheleznoi dorogi, Obshchestvo
--[Saratov Railroad Society]

1859

SPB

 

c14

SAR.rrd

+i +v

tn.r | Volzhko-donskoi zheleznoi dorogi i parokhodstva po Donu i Azovskomu moriu, Obshchestvo
--[Volga-Don and Azov Sea Railroad and Steamboat Society]

1858

VLG?

 

c14

V.D.rrd

+i +v


tpg | Bakst,V no1
--[Bakst Press]

1861

SPB

001

c22

tpg.Bks

+e

tpg | Bakst,V no2
--[Bakst Press #2]

1862

SWZ

001

c22

tpg.Bks

+p

tpg | Ballod; aka Karmanaia Tipografiia
--[Pocket Press]

1862

SPB

001

c22

tpgB

+e

tpg | Glazunov
--[Glazunov Press]

1782

SPB

140

c22

tpg.Glz

+e

tpg | Herzen aka Vol’naia Russkaia Tipografiia v Londone
--[Alexander Herzen’s Free Russian Press in London]

1853

LND

 

c22

tpgH

+p

tpg | Kiev-Pechersk lavra
--[Kiev Caves Monastery Press]

1861

KIV

001

c99

tpg.KPL

+j

tpg | Mariengauzena
--[Mariengauzen Press]

1862

SPB

001

c99

tpgM

+j

tpg | Obshchestvennaia pol'za, Tovarishchestvo
--[“Social Utility” Company]

1860

SPB

035+

c22

tpgO

+e

tpg | Ohryzko,J
--[Ohryzko Press]

1858

SPB

003

c22

tpg.Ohr

+e

tpg | Pervaia russkaia vol'naia
--[First Russian Free Press]

1860

MVA

001

c22

tpg.PRV

+e +p

tpg |Pleshcheev,A
--[Pleshcheev Press]

1860

MVA

001

c22

tpg.Plw

+e

tpg |Rymarenko,S
--[Rymarenko Press]

1862

SPB

 

c22

tpg.Rko

+p +y

tpg | Soldatenkov
--[Soldatenkov Press]

1859

MVA

004

c22

tpg.Sld

+e

tpg | Tiblen,N
--[Tiblen Press]

1859

SPB

009

c22

tpg.Tbl

+e

tpg | Zaichnevskii-Argiropulo kruzhok
--[Student press (Zaichnevskii-Argiropulo kruzhok)]

1859

MVA

003

c22

tpgZ

+e +p +y


trade | kommercheskikh nauk, Prakticheskaia akademiia
--[Practical Academy of Commercial Arts]

1806

MVA

100+

c10

AkKN

+a

trade | kommercheskikh znanii, Obshchestvo liubitelei
--[Society of Amateurs of Commercial Knowledge]

1810

MVA

050+

c10

LKZ

 

trade | Kommercheskoe obshchestvo na paiakh s tsel'iu udeshevleniia predmetov zhiznennoi potrebnosti
--[Commerical Cooperative Society for Reduction of Expenditures for Consumer Products]

1860

PRM

 

c17

bzn.obx

 

trade | torgovle sherst'e, Kharkovskaia aktsionernaia kompaniia po
--[Joint-stock Woolen Trade Company (Khar'kov)]

1860

XRK

 

c10

XAK

+v

trade | torgovle sherst'e, Novorossiiskaia aktsionernaia kompaniia po
--[Joint-Stock Woolen Trade Company]

1860

ODE

 

c10

NAK

+v


trezvosti, Obshchestva dlia rasprostraneniia
--[Societies for Promotion of Temperance]

1858

VsR

002

c17

trz.obx

+n krx
nrd +m +p

trudoliubiia, Obshchestvo dlia pooshchreniia
--[Society for Promoting Love of Labor]

1863

MVA

 

c10

 

+n prl

uchebnogo posobiia pol’skomu narodu, Obshchestvo
--[Society for Educational Support for the Polish People]

1860

UKR

012

c99

 

+n POL +a +j


Velikoruss, Komitet
--[Velikoruss Committee]
1861 SPB

001

c99 Vlr.cmm +i

Vertepniki
--[Secluded Prophets]

1854

MVA

007

c90

Vrt

+n

vodoprovodov, Obshchestvo Sankt-peterburskikh
--[SPB Water Main Society]

1858

SPB

025+

c10

grd.wtr

+v SPB.grd.wtr

Vol’noe Ekonomicheskoe Obshchestvo, Imperatorskoe
--[Imperial Free Economic Society]

1765

SPB

152

c10

VEO

+a

Vol’nogo Ekonomicheskogo Obshchestva, Politiko-ekonomicheskii komitet
--[Political-Economy Committee of the Free Economic Society]

1859

SPB

013

c90

PEcmmVE

+e +a
F/PEcmmR/

Vol’nyi universitet | Chtenie publichnykh lektsii
--[Free University |Presentation of Public Lectures]

1862

SPB

001

c26

Vo.unv

+p +i


Voskresnye shkoly
--[Sunday Schools]

1859

VsR

003

c26

VSH

+n krx prl
+p +i

vosstanovleniia pravoslavnogo khristianstva na Kavkaze, Obshchestvo
--[Society for Renewal of Orthodox Christianity in the Caucasus]

1860

CAU

 

c90

 

+n rlg
~~+i chx


vrachebnykh i fizicheskikh nauk pri Moskovskom universitete, Obshchestvo sorevnovaniia
--[Society for Competitive Challenge in the Medical and Physiological Sciences]

1804

MVA

056+

c28

fzl.mdx

+e

vrachei dlia pomeshannykh, Obshchestvo
--[Society of Physicians for the Insane]

1862

?

 

c28

 

+e

vrachei v Kronshtadte, Obshchestvo morskikh
--[Society of Kronstadt Naval Physicians]

1859

KRN

 

c28

nvy.mdx

+e
~~nvy.gsp

vrachei v Moskve, Obshchestvo russkikh
--[Society of Russian Physicians in Moscow]

1861

MVA

 

c28

MVA.mdx

+e

vrachei, Obshchestvo Kazanskikh
--[Kazan Physicians Society]

 

KZN

 

c28

KZN.mdx

+e

vrachei, Obshchestvo Kurskikh
--[Kursk Physicians Society]

1860

KUR

 

c28

KUR.mdx

+e

vrachei, Obshchestvo russkikh
--[Russian Physicians Society]

1833

SPB

092

c28

SPB.mdx

+e

vrachei, Obshchestvo Saratovskikh
--[Saratov Physicians Society]

1860

SAR

 

c28

SAR.mdx

+e

Yakht-klub
--[Yacht Club]

1863

SPB

 

c03

Y.clb

 


Yuridicheskoe obshchestvo, sostoiashchee pri Moskovskom universitete
--[Juridical Society at Moscow University]

1865

MVA

025

c29

lwx.obx

+e


zavod [factory] | khudozhestvennaia promyshlennost’
--[Crafts]

1860s

VsR

~

c26

rsv.scl

+e +i

zavod [factory] | koksa, parafina i prochikh iz torfa i torgovli imi,Obx dlia izvlecheniia
--[Society for Rendering e,Parafin and Other Products from Peat, & for Vending These Products]

1858

SPB

 

c12

 

+v +i

zavod [factory] | kozhi, Obshchestvo zavodskoi obrabotki
--[Society for Factory Production of Leather]

1860

KZN

 

c12

 

+v +i

zavod [factory] | lesnykh proizvedenii i torgovli imi, Aktsionernoe obx dlia obrabotki
--[Joint-Stock Society for the Manufacture and Sale of Forest Products]

1859

SPB

 

c12

 

+v +i

zavod [factory] | manufaktury i torgovli, Obshchestvo pooshchreniia
--[Society for Promotion of Manufacturing and Trade]

1856

VsR

 

c12

Pmfg

+i proposed
F/SP&T

zavod [factory] | manufaktury, Tovarishchestvo
--[Manufacturing Company]

1862

MVA

 

c12

 

+i

zavod [factory] | promyshlennosti i torgovli, Obshchestvo dlia sodeistviia russkoi
--[Society for the Promotion of Russian Industry and Trade]

1867

MVA

025+

c12

SP&T

+i
F/Pmfg

zavod [factory] | Putilovskikh zavodov, Obshchestvo
--[Putilov Factories Society]

1857

SPB

 

c12

 

+i

zavod [factory] | Sampsonievskoi mekhanicheskoi manufaktury, Obshchestvo
--[Sampson Mechanical Manufacturing Society]

1857

SPB

 

c12

 

+i

zavod [factory] | Shlisselburge, Tovarishchestvo manufaktury v
--[Schlüsselburg Manufacturing Association]

1862

SPB

 

c12

WSL.mfg

+i

zavod [factory] | zhivotnykh produktov, Obshchestvo zavodskoi obrabotki
--[Society for Factory Processing of Animal Products]

1858

SPB

 

c12

 

+v +i


Zemlia i volia
--[Land and Liberty]

1862

VsR

001

c99

ZiV

 

zhenskogo truda, Obshchestvo
--[Society for Female Work]

1865

SPB

??

c08

OZT

+e +w +n

 

 

 

DATAFILES INDEX

 

 

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