History 491/591: Society and Medicine in Premodern Japan

Spring Term 1999, HIST 491/591		Professor Andrew Goble
Medicine and Society in Premodern Japan		Download Word97
14:30-17:20 M / 189 PLC		Download Text-Only
CRN: 35696/35697		Office Hours

COURSE DESCRIPTION

AIDS, radiation sickness, and tuberculosis are prime examples of illnesses that have raised a number of issues relating to the topic of illness in society. The medical and scientific issue of how to determine the cause of the illness and then how to treat it; the public health issue of how to allocate funds for treatment and care, and preventive measures that can be taken (or, more specifically, mandated) to prevent actual or feared infection and spread of the illness; and the "public reaction" issue which can affect popular attitudes, and ethical and moral judgements, regarding both the illness and to those afflicted with it.

A guiding assumption of the course, which will cover aspects of medical and social history in Japan from roughly 1000 up through the present, is that issues of medicine, disease, treatment and definition of illness are fundamental elements of society. The course will provide students with a sense of the Japanese experience(s), and provide an opportunity to develop an interpretative framework for issues of medicine and society more generally. Accordingly, the course will examine such areas as: medical knowledge, its availability and dissemination; the illnesses and afflictions active in the Japanese disease ecology; available treatment and medicines; theoretical considerations deriving from Chinese medicine, and the later impact of Dutch medical knowledge; reproductive health and hygiene; acupuncture; and literary and pictorial sources for our knowledge.

COURSE POLICIES

One film report, of no less than 1000 words, on either of the films Akahige (Red Beard), Ikiru (To Live), Kuroiame (Black Rain)

15% of course grade

A term paper of about 4000 words, on a topic which has been discussed in advance with the instructor

40% of course grade

A final exam

45% of course grade

Note: The course meets once per week. However, it is organized as a MWF lecture-schedule course, the times combined in order to view the films comfortably, and to allow time-flexibility for examining other pictorial material.

REQUIRED TEXTS

To be read thoroughly and repeatedly throughout the course.

Margaret Lock, East Asian Medicine in Urban Japan

William Johnston, The Modern Epidemic

COURSE SCHEDULE

WEEK ONE - 3/29/99

Lecture 1: Course Introduction

Lecture 2: An Overview of Disease Ecologies

Lecture 3: Chinese Medical Background: The Theoretical Stances

Readings

WEEK TWO - 4/5/99

Lecture 4: Afflictions of the Classical (Heian) Aristocracy

Lecture 5: Heian Medicine: Tanba Yasuyori, the IshinpÇ, and sexual hygiene

Lecture 6: The Scroll of Disease (Yamai no sÇshi) #1.

Readings

WEEK THREE - 4/12/99

Lecture 7: Medieval Advances: New Chinese Influences, Kajiwara ShÇzen

Lecture 8: Medieval Advances: Warfare and Wound Medicine

Lecture 9: Warfare and Change: Ailments, Stress, Scroll of Disease #2.

Readings

WEEK FOUR - 4/19/99

Lecture 10: Medieval Doctors and Patients: the Case of Yamashina Tokitsune

Lecture 11: Syphilis Comes to Japan

Lecture 12: FILM: Acupuncture - The Tender Traditional Chinese Medicine

Readings

WEEK FIVE - 4/26/99

Lecture 13: FILM: Akahige (Red Beard).

Lecture 14: FILM: Akahige (Red Beard).

Lecture 15: FILM: Akahige (Red Beard)

Readings

WEEK SIX - 5/3/99

Lecture 16: Tokugawa Health, Pharmaceuticals and Patent Medicines

Lecture 17: Abortion and Family Planning

Lecture 18: Dutch Medicine, Anatomy, and Surgery for Breast Cancer

Readings

WEEK SEVEN - 5/10/99

Lecture 19: FILM: Ikiru (To Live)

Lecture 20: FILM: Ikiru (To Live)

Lecture 21: FILM: Ikiru (To Live)

Readings

WEEK EIGHT - 5/17/99

Lecture 22: Modernization and Disease - Tuberculosis (1)

Lecture 23: Modernization and Disease - Tuberculosis (2)

Lecture 24: Radiation Poisoning - Atomic Bombs

Readings

WEEK NINE - 5/24/99

Lecture 25: FILM: Kuroi ame (Black Rain)

Lecture 26: FILM: Kuroi ame (Black Rain)

Lecture 27: FILM: Kuroi ame (Black Rain)

Readings

WEEK TEN - 5/31/99

Lecture 28: Mercury Poisoning - Minamata and Industrial Pollution

Lecture 29: The New STD - AIDS

Lecture 30: Traditional Sino-Japanese Medicine Today.

Readings

READINGS

The following list of readings is intended to provide a guide to the topics dealt with each week. It is not expected that all readings for a week are to be read. However, it is expected that readings designated by asterisks (green bullets) will be engaged, and used in conjunction with the lectures. It is also hoped that the readings will provide a guide for further exploration of topics, and will prove of use when students are working up their themes and bibliography for the term paper.

WEEK ONE

** M. Lock, East Asian Medicine in Urban Japan

** M. Lock, "Introduction: Health and Medical Care as Cultural and Social Phenomena," in E. Norbeck & M. Lock eds., Health, Illness and Medical Care in Japan, 1-23.

** W. Steslicke, "The Japanese State of Health,: A Political Economic Perspective," in Norbeck & Lock, Health, Illness and Medical Care in Japan, 24-65.

** W. Farris, "Diseases of the Premodern Period in Japan, 500-1600." in K. Kiple, ed. The Cambridge World History and Geography of Human Disease, 376-385.

** A. Jannetta, "Diseases of the Premodern Period in Japan," in Kiple,385-389.

A. Jannetta, "Disease Ecologies in East Asia," in Kiple, 476-482.

Tatsukawa Shoji, "Diseases of Antiquity in Japan," in Kiple, 373-376.

S. Kuriyama, "The Imagination of Winds and the Development of the Chinese Conception of the Body," in Angela Zito and Tani Barlow, Body, Subject and Power in China (Chicago & London, University of Chicago Press, 1994), 23-41.

A. Jannetta, Epidemics and Mortality in Pre-modern Japan.

Fujikawa Yã, Japanese Medicine.

W. McNeil, Plagues and Peoples.

E. Ohnuki-Tierney, Illness and Culture in Contemporary Japan

WEEK TWO

** H. Tonomura, "Birth and Reproduction in Aristocratic Society."

** G. C. Hurst, "Michinaga's Maladies," Monumenta Nipponica, 34 (1979), 101-112.

Tanba Yasuyori, The Essentials of Medicine in Ancient China and Japan, Yasuyori Tanba's IshinpÇ ( tr. E. Hsia, I. Veith & R. Geertsma), vol. 2.

M. W. Standlee, The Great Pulse: Japanese Midwifery and Obstetrics through the Ages (Tokyo, Charles E. Tuttle, 1959).

J. Teramoto, "Yamai no zÇshi," PhD. diss., University of Michigan, 1994.

I. Morris, The World of the Shining Prince

Akazome Emon, A Tale of Flowering Fortunes (tr. H.C. McCullough & W. McCullough)

WEEK THREE

** A. Goble, "Monks and Medieval Japanese Medicine," Proceedings, The 4th International Congress on Traditional Asian Medicine, 1994, Part II, 331-365.

** A. Goble, "China on My Mind: Kajiwara ShÇzen and the Man'anpÇ."

** A. Goble, "On the Cutting Edge: Warfare and Wound Medicine in Medieval Japan."

** H. Tonomura, "Black Hair and Red Trousers: Gendering the Flesh in Medieval Japan," American Historical Review, 93.1 (February 1994), 132-154.

Sakai Shizu, "A History of Opthalmology Before the Opening of Japan," Nihon ishigaku zasshi, 23.1 (1977), 19-43.

J. F. Weik, "Majima Seigan and the MyÇgen-in Tradition: The Origins of Opthalmology in Japan," in H. Bolitho and A. Rix ed., A Northern Prospect, 1-9.

W. LaFleur, "Hungry Ghosts and Hungry People: Somaticity and Rationality in Medieval Japan," in Michael Feher ed., Fragments for a History of the Human Body, Part One (New York, Zone Publications, 1989), 270-303.

S. Matisoff, "Holy Horrors: The Sermon-Ballads of Medieval and Early Modern Japan," in J. Sanford, W. LaFleur, and M. Nagatomi,Flowing Traces (Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1992), 234-261.

WEEK FOUR

** A. Goble, "Yamashina Tokitsune and His Patients in Nakajima, 1586-1591."

** A. Goble, "Medicine and Society in Late Sixteenth Century Japan."

R. Huey, "Journal of My Father's Last Days: Issa's Chichi no Shãen Nikki," Monumenta Nipponica, XXXIX [39].1 (1984), 25-54.

E. Putzar, "Chikusai monogatari," Monumenta Nipponica, 16 (1961), 161-195.

R. Leutner, Shikitei Sanba and the Comic Tradition in Edo Fiction; includes partial English translation of Ukiyo buro (Bathhouse of the Floating World)

S. Clark, Japan: A View From the Bath

C. Quetel, History of Syphilis

Tanba Yasuyori, The Essentials of Medicine in Ancient China and Japan, Yasuyori Tanba's IshinpÇ, vol. 1, 141-313.

E. Kaempfer, Exotic Pleasures (tr. R. W. Carrubba), 108-169.

WEEK FIVE

** G. Goodman, Japan: The Dutch Experience

Akahige (Red Beard)

WEEK SIX

** A. Jannetta, Epidemics and Mortality in Pre-modern Japan.

** Ariyoshi Sawako, The Doctor's Wife

** J. Bowers, When the Twain Meet: The Rise of Western Medicine in Japan

** J. Bowers, Western Medical Pioneers in Feudal Japan

** W. LaFleur, Liquid Life: Abortion and Buddhism in Japan

H. Hardacre, Marketing the Menacing Fetus in Japan

L. Cornell, "Infanticide in Early Modern Japan? Demography, Culture and Population Growth," Journal of Asian Studies 55.1 (1996), 22-50.

T. Smith, Nakahara

T. Norgren, "Abortion Before Birth Control: The Interest Group Politics Behind Postwar Japan's Reproduction Policy," Journal of Japanese Studies, 24.1 (1998), 59-94.

W. Johnston, "A Genealogy of Tubercular Diseases in Japan," Social History of Medicine, 7.2 (1994), 247-268.

S. Kuriyama, "Between Mind and Eye: Anatomy in Eighteenth Century Japan," in C. Leslie & A. Young eds., Paths to Asian Medical Knowledge (UC Press, 1995), 21-43.

H. Beukers, A.M. Luyendijk-Elshou, M.E. Van Opstall, and F. Vos (eds). Red-Hair Medicine: Dutch-Japanese Medical Relations. Amsterdam, Rodopi, 1991.

WEEK SEVEN

Ikiru (To Live)

WEEK EIGHT

** W. Johnston, The Modern Epidemic

** R.J. Lifton, Death in Life: Survivors of Hiroshima

Committee For the Compilation of Materials on Damage Caused By the Atomic Bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Hiroshima and Nagasaki: The Physical, Medical, and Social Effects of the Atomic Bombings

L.E. Peterson & S. Abrahamson eds., Effects of Ionizing Radiation: Atomic Bomb Survivors and Their Children

Japan National Preparatory Committee, A Call From Hibakusha of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

G. Rice & E. Palmer, "Pandemic Influenza in Japan, 1918-1919: Mortality Patterns and Official Response," JJS, 19.2 (1993), pp. 389-240.

WEEK NINE

** Ibuse Masuji, Kuroi Ame (Black Rain), trans. John Bester

J. Treat, Pools of Water, Pillars of Fire: The Literature of Ibuse Masuji

J. Treat, Writing Ground Zero: Japanese Literature and the Atomic Bomb

Kuroi Ame (Black Rain)

WEEK TEN

** W. E. Smith & A. M. Smith, Minamata: Words and Photos

** Gresser, Fujikura, and Morishima, Environmental Law in Japan

** E. Feldman & Shohei Yonemoto, "Japan: AIDS as a 'Non-issue,'" in D. Kirp & R. Bayer, AIDS in the Industrialized Democracies, pp. 339-360.

** W. Steslicke, "The Japanese State of Health,: A Political Economic Perspective," in Norbeck & Lock, Health, Illness and Medical Care in Japan, 24-65.

** W. Caudill, "The Cultural and Interpersonal Context of Everyday Health and Illness in Japan and America," in C. Leslie, ed., Asian Medical Systems, 159-177.

M. Lock, Encounters With Aging: Mythologies of Menopause in Japan and America

M. McKean, Environmental Protest and Citizen Politics in Japan

F. Upham, Law and Social Change in Postwar Japan

W. Haver, The Body of His Death - Historicity and Sociality in the Time of Aids

M. Bonacci, Senseless Casualties

G. Linge & D. Porter, No Place For Borders

M. Lock, East Asian Medicine in Urban Japan

M. Picone, "The Ghost in the Machine: Religious Healing and Representations of the Body in Japan," in M. Feher ed., Fragments for a History of the Human Body, Part Two, pp.466-489.