Attendance :   Because the viewing of films is central to the course, attendance will be required and records will be kept.   Class will start promptly at the scheduled time and students are advised not to arrive late or leave early; this can be very disruptive.   Also, come prepared to stay awake during films--get a good night's sleep beforehand, fulfill your caffeine quota, or do whatever is necessary.   If you miss a class, you will still be responsible for viewing any missed films; if they are not a part of the Knight Library s Media Services collection, you may request that they be placed on reserve in Media Services.  

Discussion:   Ideally, we will have time during every class period for questions, comments, and other discussion of the films.   Some discussion will be with the whole group, and some of it will be in small groups, and I will circulate, participate, and observe.   Group members will also take turns making notes on the comments made by other members and submitting these as a record of participation.   The sharing of comments from readings and responses to films is a wonderful learning process by which we can gain perspectives that might not otherwise occur to us.   Agreement and unity of perspective, however, is not necessary.   Some of your classmates' views may even be upsetting.   Try to be respectful of a diversity of opinion.   Try not to let the large class size inhibit your participation, either.   If you can, try to make comparisons between readings and films.   Student participation will obtain up to 10 points over the quarter.   In assessing these points, weight will be given to the student who demonstrates an ability to compare films with each other and, especially, with the reading materials and introductory lectures.

Readings : I am working with the library staff to try to have the bulk of the reading assignments placed on Electronic Reserves (accessible from the Janus website) by the start of spring quarter.   You will be given a username and password so that you can access this material whether you are on campus or dialing up via a modem off campus.    E-reserves provide a major savings over packets and book purchases.   But, if you prefer to read the original, I am providing call numbers so that you may track down original copies.   Recommended readings are for those wishing to delve more deeply into a given topic, for those interested in doing extra credit work, or for graduate students.   Reference books cannot be placed on reserve; if you use these books, please be sure to re-shelve them (correctly!) after you use them so they will be there for the next person.

Recommended Viewing :   In addition to the required viewings which will take place in class, the course calendar will include recommended films, for those wishing to study a certain theme or period in greater depth.   Contact me during office hours if you need guidance with these materials.

Quizzes :   There will be two ten minute quizzes:   one during the third week and one during the fifth week, each one covering all material prior to that date and including the required readings for that date.   Each quiz will consist of five "I.D.'s" chosen by you from a longer list of items.   These items will be taken from lectures, films, and readings.   You will have to identify each one of the five you choose (e.g. tell who, what, where, when?) with a minimum of one sentence and give the significance (how, why, so what?) with a minimum of another sentence.   Items will consist mostly of names, terms, and events.   Each quiz will be worth 15 points.   Note: I will try to get into the classroom early in case anyone wants to start a few minutes early and have a little extra time for the quizzes.

Journal :   The required written component for the course will be a journal in which students will "reflect upon" or "respond to" course materials, including films, introductory remarks, discussions, and, above all, reading assignments, from weeks six through ten.   Study and discussion guides will be provided as a stimulus; journal entries might respond to questions and quotes highlighted in study guides, or they might raise additional issues of relevance to you.   One fruitful exercise is to try to identify the film-maker's message(s) to the audience and then respond to it, being informed by the readings and lectures.   You can also compare the film's presentation of historical "reality" with what you can understand from the readings and lectures.   The journal is not to consist of notes taken during class period; it is intended as a record of independent study outside of class.   Furthermore, this is not the place to recap the story line of films; assume your reader has also seen them.

The ideal journal length will be 2 full pages per week (for a total of 10 pages), typed with double spacing, a 12-point font, and one inch margins all around.   The journal will not be submitted on a weekly basis, however, but rather only at the end of the quarter, on Wednesday of finals week (in my office, 272 PLC, between 5 and 6pm).   The journal will earn up to a possible total of 60 points (or 12 points per week).   Students are strongly advised to keep up with the journal and not leave it until the last minute.   It is highly recommended to submit a sample journal entry to me sometime during the second half of the quarter for feedback; this can be done during my office hours.   Be sure to keep a photocopy of the journal when you submit it, especially if you are slipping it under my office door when I am not there, to bar against loss.   (If you are pushing it under the door, push it as far under as possible so that it is less likely to be stolen.)   If you cannot present your work at the appointed time and place, so that it comes right to my hand, you will be responsible for any potential loss and for late work.   Late journals will not be accepted without prior arrangement and a doctor' s note, and five percentage points will be deducted per day late.

Graduate students (HIST 583) shall write 3 or more pages per week (for a minimum of 15 pages) and will be expected to incorporate some of the materials from the recommended reading and recommended viewing suggestions below.   They may also see me to obtain approval for other, alternative materials.

Grades :   There will be a possible 100 points for the course, with participation in discussions earning up to 10 points, the two quizzes a possible total of 30 points, and the journal a possible 60.   Total points in the 95-100 range will earn A; 90-94 A-; 87-89 B+; 85-86 B; 80-84 B-; 77-79 C+; 75-76 C; 70-74 C-; 67-69 D+; 65-66 D; 60-64 D-; and 59 or lower F.   Incompletes are discouraged strongly and will not be given automatically when a major component of the course requirements goes unfulfilled without explanation.

I am working with the library staff to try to have the bulk of the reading assignments placed on Electronic Reserves (accessible from the Janus website) by the start of spring quarter.   You will be given a username and password so that you can access this material whether you are on campus or dialing up via a modem off campus.    E-reserves provide a major savings over packets and book purchases.   But, if you prefer to read the original, I am providing call numbers so that you may track down original copies.   Recommended readings are for those wishing to delve more deeply into a given topic, for those interested in doing extra credit work, or for graduate students.   Reference books cannot be placed on reserve; if you use these books, please be sure to re-shelve them (correctly!) after you use them so they will be there for the next person.

WEEK 1   INTRODUCTION TO COURSE

	Screening:   Clip from Americas:   Builders of Image (10 min.; 1993; segment on Argentine Film-maker Fernando Solanas); The Gringo in Mananaland (61 min.; 1995; MEDIA SERVICES Videotape 2974)
	Required Reading:   Michael Chanan, "Introduction," in Twenty-five Years of the New Latin American Cinema, 2-8 (PN1993.5.L3T84 1983); Donald F. Stevens, "Never Read History Again?   The Possibilities and Perils of Cinema as Historical Depiction," in Based on a True Story:   Latin American History at the Movies, Donald F. Stevens, ed., 1-11 (PN1995.9.L37B37 1997).
	Recommended, Additional Reading:   Robert A. Rosenstone, Visions of the Past:   The Challenge of Film to Our Idea of History, especially 54-79 (PN1995.2.R67 1995)

WEEK 2   EUROPEAN INVASIONS; EVANGELIZATION ON THE FRONTIERS

	Screening:   Jericó (85 min.; 1991; MEDIA SERVICES Videotape 3532)
	Required Reading:   Alistair Hennessy, "The Nature of the Conquest and the Conquistadors," in The Meeting of Two Worlds:   Europe and the Americas, 1492-1650, Warwick Bray, ed., 5-36 (E123.M493 1993); David Sweet, "The Ibero-American Frontier Mission in Native American History," in The New Latin American Mission History, Erick Langer and Robert H. Jackson, eds., 1-48 (BV2831.N47 1995).
	Recommended, Additional Reading:   Ella Shohat and Robert Stam, Unthinking Eurocentrism:   Multiculturalism and the Media, especially "The Columbus Debate" 61-77 (PN1993.5.D44S56 1994);   "Jerico," in Ronald Schwartz, Latin American Films, 1932-1994:   A Critical Filmography, 126-127 (Ref PN1995.9.L37S39 1997); Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture (REF F1406.E53 1996, 5 vols.), articles "Missions," on "Lope de Aguirre" and "Alvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca;" Alvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, The Account:   Alvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca's Relación (E125.N9A3 1993b); Victoria M. Stiles, "Fact or Fiction:   Nature's Endgame in Werner Herzog's Aguirre, the Wrath of God," Literature Film Quarterly 17:3 (July 1989), 161-167 (PN1997.85.L5); Stephen Minta, Aguirre, The Wrath of God," in Past Imperfect:   History According to the Movies, Ted Mico, John Miller-Monzon, and David Rubel, eds., 74-77 (PN1995.9.H5P37 1995); Thomas H. Holloway, "Whose Conquest is This, Anyway?   Aguirre, the Wrath of God," in Based on a True Story:   Latin American History at the Movies, Donald F. Stevens, ed., 29-46 (PN1995.9.L37B37 1997).
	Recommended, Additional Viewing:   Sixteenth-Century Perceptions of Latin America: Civil or Savage? (27 min.; 1988; MEDIA SERVICES Videotape 961); The Columbus Controversy:   Challenging How History is Written (23 min.; 1991; MEDIA SERVICES Videotape 1513); Columbus Didn't Discover Us (24 min.; 1992; MEDIA SERVICES Videotape 1699). Aguirre:    der Zorn Gottes/Aguirre:   The Wrath of God (94 min., 1977, MEDIA SERVICES Videotape 2610); Cabeza de Vaca (111 min., 1990, MEDIA SERVICES Videotape 2596); At Play in the Fields of the Lord (for rent around town).

WEEK 3   EVANGELIZATION OF THE FRONTIERS, CONT.

***** QUIZ #1 ***** (first ten minutes of class; please be prompt!!!; includes today's readings)

	Screening:   The Mission (125 min.; 1986; MEDIA SERVICES Videotape 2622)
	Required Reading:   James Schofield Saeger, "The Mission and Historical Missions:   Film and the Writing of History," in Based on a True Story:   Latin American History at the Movies, Donald F. Stevens, ed., 63-84 (PN1995.9.L37B37 1997); Jean Franco, "High-Tech Primitivism:   The Representation of Tribal Societies in Feature Films," in Mediating Two Worlds:   Cinematic Encounters in the Americas, John King, Ana M. Lopez, and Manuel Alvarado, eds., 81-94, (PN1993.5.L3M42 1993).
	Recommended, Additional Reading:   Barbara Ganson, "Like Children under the Wise Parental Sway:   Passive Portrayals of the Guaraní Indians in European Literature and The Mission," Colonial Latin American Historical Review 3 (Fall 1994), 399-422; Daniel Berrigan, The Mission:   A Film Journal (F2684.B56 1986); Caleb Bach, "Journal from a Jesuit Frontier," Américas 49:6 (December 1997), 14-19 (F1401.A57 Current Periodicals).   There are many books in the Knight Library on the Jesuits in Paraguay including:   W. H. Koebel, In Jesuit Land:   The Jesuit Missions of Paraguay (1912?) (F2684.K77); Magnus Morner, ed., The Expulsion of the Jesuits from Latin America (1965) (BX3714.A1M6); Philip Caraman, The Lost Paradise:   The Jesuit Republic in South America (F2684.C25 1976); C.J. McNaspy, Lost Cities of Paraguay:   Art and Architecture of the Jesuit Reduction, 1607-1767 (1982) (N6703.M36).

WEEK 4   INDIGENOUS PEOPLES UNDER COLONIZATION

	Screening:   Macario (91 min.; 1958)
	Required Reading:   John E. Kicza, "Introduction," (xi-xxvi), and, William B. Taylor, "Patterns and Variety in Mexican Village Uprisings," (109-140) in The Indian In Latin American History:   Resistance, Resilience, and Acculturation, John E. Kicza (E65.I45 1993).
	Recommended, Additional Reading:   There are a number of books in the Knight Library that treat the situation of indigenous peoples of the central areas under Spanish colonization; see, for example:   James Lockhart, The Nahuas After the Conquest (F1221.N3L63 1992); Susan Schroeder, Stephanie Wood, and Robert Haskett, eds., Indian Women of Early Mexico (F1219.3.W6I53 1997); William B. Taylor, Landlord and Peasant in Colonial Oaxaca (HD329.O2T39); Nancy M. Farriss, Maya Society under Colonial Rule:   The Collective Enterprise of Survival (F1435.F28M84); Steve J. Stern, Peru's Indian Peoples and the Challenge of Spanish Conquest:   Huamanga to 1640 (F3429.1.A9S75 1993).
	Recommended, Additional Viewing:   The Conquest of Mexico (36 min.; 1991; MEDIA SERVICES Videotape 1431); The Buried Mirror:   Conflict of the Gods (59 min.; 1991; MEDIA SERVICES Videotape 2121 tape 2); Our God the Condor (29 min.; 1987; MEDIA SERVICES Videotape 934).

WEEK 5    AFRICANS: FORCED IMMIGRANTS

***** QUIZ #2 ***** (first ten minutes of class; please be prompt!!!; includes today's readings)

	Screening:   Quilombo (114 min.; 1984; MEDIA SERVICES Videotape 2486)
	Required Reading:   Mary Butler, "African Slavery in Brazil," in Problems in Modern Latin American History, A Reader, John Charles Chasteen and Joseph S. Tulchin, eds., 69-96, and pay special attention to appendix document 4, on Palmares, 82-83 (F1413.P76 1994); Zuzana M. Pick, "The Aesthetics of Carnival:   Quilombo," in The New Latin American Cinema:   A Continental Project, 144-150 (a photocopy is on reserve; book also on reserve, PN1995.9.S6P5 1993); Robert Stam, "Cross-cultural Dialogisms:   Race and Multiculturalism in Brazilian Cinema," in Mediating Two Worlds:   Cinematic Encounters in the Americas, especially "Celebrating Black Insurrection," John King, Ana M. Lopez, and Manuel Alvarado, eds., 186-188 (PN1993.5.L3M42 1993).
	Recommended, Additional Reading:   "Quilombo," in Ronald Schwartz, Latin American Films, 1932-1994:   A Critical Filmography, 207-208 (Ref PN1995.9.L37S39 1997); Cliff Welch, "Quilombo," (review) American Historical Review 97:4 (October 1992) (E171.A57); Robert Stam, "Quilombo," (review) Cineaste 15:1 (1986) (PN1993.C42); Julianne Burton, "Carlos Diegues (Brazil):   The Mind of Cinema Novo," in Cinema and Social Change in Latin America:   Conversations with Filmmakers, 171-179 (PN1993.5.L3C49 1986); Darién J. Davis, "Introduction:   The African Experience in Latin America--Resistance and Accommodation," in Slavery and Beyond:   The African Impact on Latin America and the Caribbean, Darién J. Davis, ed., xi-xxvi (F1408.3.S515 1995); Esteban Montejo, "A Cuban Slave's Testimony," also in Slavery and Beyond:   The African Impact on Latin America and the Caribbean, Darién J. Davis, ed., 11-28 (F1408.3.S515 1995); John Mraz, "Recasting Cuban Slavery:   The Other Francisco and The Last Supper," in Based on a True Story:   Latin American History at the Movies, Donald F. Stevens, ed., 103-122 (PN1995.9.L37B37 1997).
	Recommended, Additional Viewing:   La última cena/The Last Supper (110 min.; 1976; MEDIA SERVICES Videotape 2611); El otro Francisco/The Other Francisco (100 min.; 1974; MEDIA SERVICES Videotape 484)

WEEK 6   WOMEN IN CUBA'S TRANSITION

Note:   class may run overtime today because of the unusual length of the film; alternately we may only view two of the three segments of the film.

	Screening:   Lucía (160 min.; 1968; MEDIA SERVICES Videotape 1096)
	Required Reading:   Barbara Weinstein, "Lucía:   Inventing Women's History on Film," in Based on a True Story:   Latin American History at the Movies, Donald F. Stevens, ed., 123-142 (PN1995.9.L37B37 1997); Julianne Burton, "Humberto Solás (Cuba):   Every Point of Arrival Is a Point of Departure," in Cinema and Social Change in Latin America:   Conversations with Filmmakers, 143-160 (PN1993.5.L3C49 1986).
	Recommended, Additional Reading:   "Lucía," in Ronald Schwartz,   Latin American Films, 1932-1994:   A Critical Filmography, 139-141 (Ref PN1995.9.L37S39 1997); Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture (REF F1406.E53 1996, 5 vols.), articles on "Cuba:   Revolutions," and "Cuba Since 1959;" Julianne Burton, "Memories of Underdevelopment:   History as the Present," in The Social Documentary in Latin America; Zuzana M. Pick, "The Authority of Daily Life:   Up to a Point" (47-55) and "Gendered Identities and Femininity" (66-70) in The New Latin American Cinema:   A Continental Project, (PN1995.9.S6P5 1993).
	Recommended, Additional Viewing:   Hasta Cierto Punto/Up to a Point (75 min.; 1983; MEDIA SERVICES Videotape 1298); Retrato de Teresa/Portrait of Teresa (103 min., 1979, MEDIA SERVICES Videotape 1095); De Cierta Manera/Sort Of/One Way or Another (79 min., 1977, MEDIA SERVICES Videotape 1136); Memorias del subdesarrollo/Memories of Underdevelopment (1968, 97 min., MEDIA SERVICES Videotape 1129); Strawberry and Chocolate (1995, 104 min., MEDIA SERVICES Videotape 3161);   Gay Cuba (1995, 57 min., MEDIA SERVICES Videotape 4047).

WEEK 7   MILITARY AUTHORITARIANISM IN CHILE

WEEK 8   REVOLUTION & COUNTERREVOLUTION IN NICARAGUA

	Screening:   Alsino y el condor/Alsino and the Condor (89 min.; 1986; MEDIA SERVICES Videotape 367)
	Required Reading:   Victor Bulmer-Thomas, "Nicaragua since 1930," in Central America Since Independence, Leslie Bethell, ed., esp. 256-263 (F1438.C3824 1991); Peter Kornbluh, "The U.S. Role in the Counterrevolution," in Revolution and Counterrevolution in Nicaragua, Thomas W. Walker, ed., 323-349 (F1528.R49 1991).
	Recommended, Additional Reading:   Margaret E. Crahan and Peter H. Smith, "The State of Revolution," excerpt from Americas: The Changing Face of Latin America and the Caribbean (F1414.W56 199); Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture (REF F1406.E53 1996, 5 vols.), articles on "Nicaragua" and "Contras."
	Recommended, Additional Viewing:   Azul (103 min.; 1988; MEDIA SERVICES Videotape 1335); The Uprising (96 min.; 1987; MEDIA SERVICES Videotape 855); Slender Wooden Crosses:   The War Continues in Nicaragua (24 min.; 1989; MEDIA SERVICES Videotape 1131); Coverup (76 min., 1988, Videotape   898).

WEEK 9   U.S. INTEVENTIONISM: DIRECT AND INDIRECT

	Screening:   The Panama Deception (91 min.; 1992; MEDIA SERVICES Videotape 3230) and School of the Americas; School of Assassins (20 min.; 1994; MEDIA SERVICES Videotape 2423)
	Required Reading:   Thomas E. Skidmore and Peter H. Smith, "Latin America, The United States, and the World," in Modern Latin America, 359-399 (F1413.S55 1997); "Report of the Independent Commission of Inquiry," in The U.S. Invasion of Panama:   The Truth Behind Operation Just Cause 19-61; see also the documents at the back, "Resolution of the Organization of American States," 124-125, and, for an opposing point of view, Ronald Reagan, "We're Up Against Tremendous Odds," 128-130 (1991).
	Recommended, Additional Reading:   "The Panama Deception," in Ronald Schwartz, Latin American Films, 1932-1994:   A Critical Filmography, 191-192 (Ref PN1995.9.L37S39 1997); "The Panama Deception," (review) Cineaste 20:1 (1993) 43-44 (PN1993.C42); "Deceived, Again," (review) The Humanist 53:3 (May-June 1993), 44 (B821.A1H8); articles on "Panama" and "United States-Latin American Relations" in Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture (REF F1406.E53 1996, 5 vols.); George Black, The Good Neighbor:   How the United States Wrote the History of Central America and the Caribbean (F1439.5.B55 1988); and the remainder of The U.S. Invasion of Panama.
	Recommended, Additional Viewing:   Walker (available for rent around town; if interested, ask me for literature to read in conjunction with viewing this film).

WEEK 10   ZAPATISMO THEN AND NOW (INSURRECTION IN MEXICO)

	Screening:   The Last Zapatista (30 min.; 1995; MEDIA SERVICES Videotape 2973)
	Screening:   The Sixth Sun:   Mayan Uprising in Chiapas (60 min.; 1996)
	Required Reading:   Chap. 1 in Tom Barry, Zapata's Revenge:   Free Trade and the Farm Crisis in Mexico; Elaine Katzenberger, "Introduction," in First World, Ha Ha Ha!   The Zapatista Challenge, i-vii (F1256.F57 1995); also from this book:   Peter Rosset, "Understanding Chiapas," 157-167, and John Ross, "Who are They, What do They Want," 81-88.
	Recommended, Additional Reading:   Régis Debray, "A Guerrilla with a Difference," New Left Review 218 (July/August 1996), 128-137 (HX3.N36); Guillermo Gómez Peña, "The Subcomandante of Performance" also in First World, Ha Ha Ha!, 89-96 (F1256.F57 1995); Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture (Ref F1406.E53 1996, 5 vols.), articles on "Mexican Revolution" and "Emiliano Zapata;" Susan Lloyd (filmmaker of The Last Zapatista), "Currents:   The Last Zapatista," Oregon Quarterly (Spring 1994; LH1.O7O4); Susan Lloyd, "The Winds of Zapatismo," Oregon Quarterly (Spring 1996; LH1.O7O4); John Ross, Rebellion from the Roots:   Indian Uprising in Chiapas (F1256.R7 1995); John Ross, ed., Shadows of Tender Fury:   The Letters and Communiques of Subcomandante Marcos and the Zapatista Army of National Liberation (F1256.M3613 1995); Carlos Fuentes, A New Time for Mexico (F1256.F8413 1996).
	Chiapas Uprising on the Web:   EZLN Homepage:   www.hiline.net/mex-guide/zapatista.html; Reviews of First World, Ha Ha Ha!:   www.bookzen.com/books/0000028r1.html; Frequently Asked Questions about the EZLN:   www.charink.com/kaos/ratm/Texts/EZLNFAQ.txt; Chiapas Menu:   www.indians.org/welker/chiapas2.htm; Chiapas Sources, compiled by John Whitmer:   anthro.ucdavis.edu/~whitmer/mxindex.html; LASNET Archive 1994:   Chiapas -- Zapatista News:   www.lanic.utexas.edu/la/region/news/arc/lasnet/1994/0030.html; Spring 96 Journal:   Is Zapatista Rebellion Rooted in Oil? by John Ross:   www.earthisland.org/ei/journal/s96-20.html;   Review of Basta!   Land and the Zapatista Rebellion in Chiapas:   www.ecoutexas.edu/homepages/faculty/Cleaver/collier.html
	Recommended, Additional Viewing:   Mexico:   Revolution, 1910-1940 (58 min.; 1989; MEDIA SERVICES Videotape 1288; tape 1); 60 Minutes:   Subcomandante Marcos (15 min.; 1994; MEDIA SERVICES Videotape 2699); Todos Santos:   The Survivors (58 min.; 1979; MEDIA SERVICES Videotape 2683); Tremors in Guzmán (30 min.; 1988; MEDIA SERVICES Videotape 930).