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mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";} </style> <![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:shapedefaults v:ext="edit" spidmax="1026"/> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:shapelayout v:ext="edit"> <o:idmap v:ext="edit" data="1"/> </o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--> </head> <body bgcolor="#66CCCC" lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple style='tab-interval: .5in'> <div class=WordSection1> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='font-size:24.0pt'>Jean-François Benjamin Dumont de <span class=SpellE>Montigny</span> (1696 - 1760)</span></p> <p align=center style='text-align:center'>Site created by Gordon Sayre, Professor of English, University of Oregon <br> <a href="http://www.uoregon.edu/~engl/people/faculty/sayre/">Prof. Sayre's homepage</a></p> <p align=center style='text-align:center'>&nbsp;</p> <p align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f"> <v:stroke joinstyle="miter"/> <v:formulas> <v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"/> <v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"/> <v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"/> <v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"/> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"/> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"/> <v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"/> <v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"/> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"/> <v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"/> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"/> <v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"/> </v:formulas> <v:path o:extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect"/> <o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"/> </v:shapetype><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_1" o:spid="_x0000_i1030" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:6in;height:343pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="DM_files/image001.jpg" o:title=""/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=434 height=345 src="DM_files/image002.png" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_1"><![endif]></span></p> <p align=center style='text-align:center'>Dumont de <span class=SpellE>Montigny</span>, Fort Rosalie and the French settlements at Natchez ca. 1728, detail of the Terre Blanche concession<br> Archives <span class=SpellE>Nationales</span> de France, <span class=SpellE>Cartes</span> <span class=GramE>et</span> Plans, N III <span class=SpellE>Louisiane</span> 1/2</p> <p align=center style='text-align:center'><span class=GramE>from</span> Gilles-Antoine <span class=SpellE>Langlois</span>, <a href="http://www.louisiana.culture.fr/en/syst/syst_conc_c.html#ancre">French Louisiana 1682-2003</a></p> <p><b><br> <strong><span style='font-family:Times'>Dumont de <span class=SpellE>Montigny</span>: Historian and Memoirist of French Louisiana</span></strong></b></p> <p>Jean-François Benjamin Dumont de <span class=SpellE>Montigny</span> was born in Paris and educated in Jesuit grammar schools there. His father was a lawyer and the family was rising into the &quot;noblesse de robe&quot; or class of aristocrats who had acquired noble titles by virtue of administrative functions. As the youngest of six sons, however, Jean-François was destined for a career in the military. He went to Quebec in 1715, and then after a brief spell in France got a commission as a sub-lieutenant and engineer in Louisiana. At this moment in 1719, investment and emigration in Louisiana, which was controlled by the financier John Law and his Company of the Indies, had reached a speculative bubble. It collapsed in 1720 and the disgraced Law was forced into exile. Many new <span class=GramE>colonists</span> who found themselves in Biloxi and New Orleans in the early 1720s died before they could clear land, build shelter and grow food along the swampy, malarial bayous. Dumont, however, lived in Louisiana until 1737, shifting between New Orleans, Pascagoula, Natchez, and the Yazoo River area. He did not acquire a large plantation, and did not rise through the military ranks. In fact, his defiant behavior toward Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville, the governor of Louisiana during much of this period, and <span class=SpellE>Chépart</span>, the commandant at Natchez during the cataclysmic revolt of that tribe in 1729, led to demotions and brief periods of incarceration. After Dumont returned to France he lived in the town of <span class=GramE>Port-Louis</span> in Brittany, where he held the title of Captain of the Gates and a commission in the citadel there. He continued to quarrel with his commanding officers as he had in Louisiana.<br> Dumont has been best known for a two-volume history of the colony, <span class=SpellE><em><span style='font-family:Times'>Mémoires</span></em></span><em><span style='font-family:Times'> <span class=SpellE>historiques</span> <span class=SpellE>sur</span> la <span class=SpellE>Louisiane</span> </span></em><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'>(1753) <span class=GramE>which</span> he co-wrote with the <span class=SpellE>Abbé</span> Le <span class=SpellE>Mascrier</span>. This book has not been widely used by American historians, however, because no full English translation has ever been published. The book is only loosely based on the manuscripts that Dumont composed and that survive today.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Dumont's real contribution to the documentary history of French Louisiana is in his manuscripts. Only a few historians have been aware that three of Dumont's manuscript works are extant, and that these documents offer a much more personal and artistic account of his time in Louisiana. He wrote two versions of an epic poem about <span class=GramE>Louisiana which</span> appears to have penned in the early 1740s. One version is at the Library of Congress in Washington, DC, and the other at the <span class=SpellE>Bibliothèque</span> de <span class=SpellE>l'Arsenal</span>, a branch of the <span class=SpellE>Bibliothèque</span> <span class=SpellE>nationale</span> located in the former home of the poem's dedicatee, Marc-Pierre de <span class=SpellE>Voyer</span> de <span class=SpellE>Paulmy</span>, Comte de Weil-<span class=SpellE>Argenson</span>.&nbsp;The poem's title, in the latter version, translates as <em>Verse poem on the establishment of the province of Louisiana or Mississippi, with all that occurred there from 1716 to 1741: The Massacre of the French at the post at Natchez, the Manners and Customs of the Indians, their dances, religions, etc.; and all that concerns that land in general.</em> I have translated an <a href="Dumont%252520poeme%252520translation.pdf">excerpt from the first canto</a> that recounts the 1729 uprising of the Natchez Indians, in which more than 250 French were killed. The translation is based in part upon one by Henri <span class=SpellE>Delville</span> de Sinclair done as part of the WPA writers project in 1940. </span></p> <p><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'>The third manuscript is held at the Newberry Library in Chicago, Illinois, Ayer MS 257. It bears the title <span class=SpellE><em>Mémoire</em></span><em> de L___ D___ </em><span class=GramE>which</span> presumably is a mask for &quot;<span class=SpellE>Lieuténant</span> Dumont.&quot; I collaborated with Carla <span class=SpellE>Zecher</span>, director of <span class=SpellE>of</span> the <a href="http://www.newberry.org/renaissance/renaissancehome.html">Center for Renaissance Studies at the Newberry</a>, and Shannon <span class=SpellE>Dawdy</span> of the Department of Anthropology at the University of Chicago to edit and publish this text. We received in 2004 an <a href="http://www.newberry.org/renaissance/currentgrants/montigny.html">NEH grant</a> to complete this edition, and it appeared in 2008 from <a href="http://www.septentrion.qc.ca/catalogue/livre.asp?id=2706"><span class=SpellE>Septentrion</span></a> publishers of Québec.</span> The publication of Dumont's memoirs (Ayer MS 257) includes color reproductions of most of the 23 illustrations that accompany<span style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'> the manuscript. In 2007 I began working on <span class=GramE>a</span> English translation of Dumont s manuscript, with help from another NEH grant. It will be published in the <span class=GramE>Autumn</span> of 2012 by the <a href="http://www.oieahc.wm.edu"><span class=SpellE>Omohundro</span> Institute of Early American History and Culture</a> and the University of North Carolina Press.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'>In January 2012 I learned, through the resources of the on-line archive of the second <span class=SpellE>Compagnie</span> des <span class=SpellE><span class=GramE>Indes</span></span><span class=GramE>, that</span> Dumont sailed to Mauritius and India in 1754, again with a commission as a lieutenant. He died in India in 1760 most likely in Pondicherry, an important French trading post there.</span></p> <p><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><br> <strong>Dumont's Watercolors</strong></span></p> <p><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Dumont created maps and illustrations for his prose manuscript and for the manuscript of his poem that is held in the <span class=SpellE>Bibliothèque</span> de <span class=SpellE>l'Arsenal</span> in Paris. His skills as a figure artist were modest at best, and the result is a charming, child-like style. </span></p> <p><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Here are a few of the poem's illustrations which are posted on a website created by Gilles-Antoine <span class=SpellE>Langlois</span>, who also took the pictures. You can find more at <a href="http://www.louisiana.culture.fr/en/jds/jds_nat_tab_ant.html">French Louisiana 1682-2003</a>.</span> <o:p></o:p></p> <table class=MsoNormalTable border=1 cellpadding=0 width=1638 style='width: 1638.35pt;mso-cellspacing:1.5pt;mso-yfti-tbllook:1184;mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt' height=305> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-firstrow:yes;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes'> <td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'> <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><img border=0 width=311 height=276 id="_x0000_i1025" src="html%20files/Macintosh%20HD:Users:gordonsayre:Desktop:gsayre:html%20files:html%20files:Macintosh%20HD/Users/gordonsayre/Desktop/gsayre/html%20files/html%20files/Macintosh%20HD:Users:gordonsayre:Desktop:gsayre:html%20files:bnf_046.jpg"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'> <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><img border=0 width=234 height=296 id="_x0000_i1026" src="html%20files/Macintosh%20HD:Users:gordonsayre:Desktop:gsayre:html%20files:html%20files:Macintosh%20HD/Users/gordonsayre/Desktop/gsayre/html%20files/html%20files/Macintosh%20HD:Users:gordonsayre:Desktop:gsayre:html%20files:bnf_047.jpg"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'> <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><img border=0 width=311 height=294 id="_x0000_i1027" src="html%20files/Macintosh%20HD:Users:gordonsayre:Desktop:gsayre:html%20files:html%20files:Macintosh%20HD/Users/gordonsayre/Desktop/gsayre/html%20files/html%20files/Macintosh%20HD:Users:gordonsayre:Desktop:gsayre:html%20files:bnf_052.jpg"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'> <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><img border=0 width=311 height=295 id="_x0000_i1028" src="html%20files/Macintosh%20HD:Users:gordonsayre:Desktop:gsayre:html%20files:html%20files:Macintosh%20HD/Users/gordonsayre/Desktop/gsayre/html%20files/html%20files/Macintosh%20HD:Users:gordonsayre:Desktop:gsayre:html%20files:bnf_054.jpg"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong><span style='font-family:Times'>Dumont's Maps</span></strong></p> <p>Dumont has at least twenty maps extant in the French archives, including the one at the top of the page, as well as about <span class=GramE>two dozen</span> that he drew to accompany his three manuscripts. I have prepared a draft <a href="Dumont%252520Cartobibliography.htm"><span class=SpellE>carto</span>-bibliography</a> of Dumont maps. Another excellent source for Dumont's and other maps of Louisiana is the site created by Vin <span class=SpellE>Steponaitis</span> of the University of North Carolina, a specialist in the archaeology of the Natchez, Mississippi area. Search for Dumont among the many cartographers and historians included on his <a href="http://rla.unc.edu/EMAS/local-settl.html">page</a> of colonial maps of Natchez and other settlements in the southeast.</p> <p style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'>During a 2005 trip to Paris, I examined and photographed six manuscript maps by Dumont in the <span class=SpellE>Delisle</span> collection at the Archives <span class=SpellE>Nationales</span> de France. These are not available on <span class=SpellE>Steponaitis's</span> site, but were the basis for my presentation in Chicago listed below.</p> <p><strong><span style='font-family:Times'>Prof. Sayre's publications and presentations on Dumont</span></strong></p> <p>I have published several articles and made many presentations about Dumont's work. Please write to me if you are interested in reading any of these.</p> <p><strong><span style='font-family:Times'>Articles</span></strong><br>  Natchez <span class=SpellE>Ethnohistory</span> Revisited: New Manuscript Sources from Le Page du <span class=SpellE>Pratz</span> and Dumont de <span class=SpellE>Montigny</span> <em><span style='font-family:Times'>Louisiana History</span></em> 50: 4 (Fall 2009) 407-436.</p> <p>[<span class=GramE>with</span> Carla <span class=SpellE>Zecher</span> and Shannon <span class=SpellE>Dawdy</span>]<strong><span style='font-family:Times'>  </span></strong>A French Soldier in Louisiana: The Memoir of Dumont de <span class=SpellE>Montigny</span> <em><span style='font-family:Times'>The</span></em> <em><span style='font-family:Times'>French Review</span></em> 80:6 (May 2007), 1265-1277.</p> <p>&quot;Plotting the Natchez Massacre: Le Page du <span class=SpellE>Pratz</span>, Dumont de <span class=SpellE>Montigny</span>, Chateaubriand.&quot;&nbsp;&nbsp; <em><span style='font-family:Times'>Early American Literature</span></em> 37:3 (Fall 2002): 381-413. Awarded Richard Beale Davis Prize, 2003.</p> <p><strong><span style='font-family:Times'>Presentations</span></strong><br>  Dumont de <span class=SpellE>Montigny</span>: Son oeuvre <span class=SpellE>cartographique</span>, <span class=SpellE>ethnographique</span>, <span class=GramE>et</span> <span class=SpellE>autobiographique</span>. Oregon Association of Teachers of French, Confederation in Oregon for Language Teaching 2007 conference, Corvallis, OR, October 13, 2007.</p> <p> The Origins of New Orleans: French Colonials Struggle against Floods, Hurricanes, Bugs, and Silt. Deschutes County Public Library, Bend, Oregon, February 25, 2007.</p> <p>&quot;The French Maps of North America from Lahontan and <span class=SpellE>Delisle</span> to Le Page and <span class=SpellE>Buache</span>.&quot; Chicago Map Society, Newberry Library, January 23, 2007.</p> <p><span class=GramE> Shamanism, Providence, and the Picaresque in Dumont de <span class=SpellE>Montigny's</span> <em><span style='font-family:Times'>Memoires de L___ D___ </span></em><br> University of Louisiana, Lafayette, December 13, 2006.</span></p> <p> New Perspectives on the Natchez Massacre of 1729. Grand Village of the Natchez Indians, Natchez, Mississippi, December 12, 2006.</p> <p>&quot;The French Maps of North America from Lahontan and <span class=SpellE>Delisle</span> to Le Page and <span class=SpellE>Buache</span>.&quot;&nbsp; Early American Cartographies, Newberry Library, Chicago, March 2006, and Society for the History of Discoveries, Portland OR, September 2006.</p> <p> Dumont de <span class=SpellE>Montigny s</span> Underbelly of Sovereign Authority in Louisiana. <strong><span style='font-family:Times'> </span></strong><span class=GramE>Society of Early <span class=SpellE>Americanists</span>.</span> Alexandria, VA<span class=GramE>,&nbsp; April</span> 2005.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'>Site edited April 13, 2012<br> gsayre@uoregon.edu<br> <br> <br> <br> <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/us/"><span style='text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><img border=0 width=38 height=38 id="_x0000_i1029" src="http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-sa/3.0/us/88x31.png" alt="ative Commons License"></span></a><br> <span class=GramE>This</span> work is licensed under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/us/">Creative Commons Attribution-<span class=SpellE>ShareAlike</span> 3.0 United States License</a>. </p> </div> </body> </html>