ESKIMO-ALEUT

Aleut [southwestern Alaska] Eskimo Yupik [western Alaska and easternmost Siberia] Inuit (=Inupiaq) [northwestern Alaska across the northern coast of Canada to Greenland]

NA-DENE

Tlingit [southern Alaska] ?? Haida [Queen Charlotte Islands] Athabaskan-Eyak Eyak [southern Alaska] Athabaskan Alaska: Ahtna, Tanaina, Koyukon, Kutchin, Han, Ingalik, Holikachuk, Kuskokwim, Tanacross Canada: Tahltan, Slavey, Hare, Dogrib, Chipewyan, Beaver, Sekani, Sarcee, Carrier-Chilcotin, Kwalhioqua-Tlatskanai Pacific Coast Athabaskan: Umpqua, Tututni, Applegate-Galice [all on the Oregon coast], Chetco-Tututni-Coquille [Oregon & California, from Coos Bay to Crescent City], Hupa, Kato, Mattole, Nongatl, Wailaki, Sinkyone, Nongatl, Lassik [all on the northern California coast] Apachean: Kiowa Apache, Navajo, San Carlos Apache, Chiricahua Apache, Mescalero Apache, Jicarilla Apache, Lipan The Athabaskan languages do not subgroup neatly. The languages of Alaska, Yukon, Northwest Territories, and British Columbia are really a dialect continuum; "Alaska" and "Canada" in this list are purely geographical labels. Pacific Coast Athabaskan represents a distinct subgroup; within it Hupa and maybe Umpqua represent distinct languages, the others are a dialect continuum. Kwalhioqua- Tlatskanai, spoken around the lower Columbia (both now extinct), are connected to both the northern and the Pacific Coast languages. Apachean is also a distinct subgroup, but again, the languages within it seem to be a dialect continuum rather than a set of sharply distinct languages. Whether Haida belongs to Na-Dene or is an isolate remains unclear.