GERALD BRUNS


                            FRANCIS PONGE ON THE RUE DE LA CHAUSSÉE D'ANTIN 

.ARTSPACE.  WHAT BECOMES of things in art? This is still the question of questions in aesthetic theory, which has understood from the beginning of modernism that the terms "non-representational," "non-mimetic," or "abstract," however much they may capture something of what the experience of non-traditional works of art is like, have little application to twentieth-century art and literature. Modern art is filled with things. A Cubist collage is made of real newspaper clippings, and so is a poem by William Carlos Williams. The method of modern poetry is, manifestly, "quotation, commentary, pastische," as if the poem had become a space for language rather than a use of it. What kind of space? When Marcel Duchamp exhibited an ordinary snow shovel as his most recent composition, he altered the relation between works of art and real things in remarkably conservative fashion, as if to argue that the function of the modern work of art is neither to duplicate nor eradicate the world but to find somewhere else for it, which is perhaps all that Mallarmé had in mind when he said that the world was made to exist in a splendid book.  

 Think about what becomes of words in a poem—for example, a poem by David Antin, who says

                                                                                                i don't want to be

                                        considered a poet    if a poet is someone     who adds art to

                                        talking

A poem by David Antin poem is made of talk, and is, on a certain view, artless (made of improvisations, lots of drift from topic to topic, indifference to triviality, that sort of thing). Unfortunately talk is a species of discourse that has always fallen below thresholds of formal description, so we haven’t got a theory of it; but basically what David Antin does is stand up in front of an audience and talk. And since the social space in which he often does such a thing is that of a poetry reading, what one experiences is a sort of category mistake—an estranie-effect produced not so much by defamiliarization as by a reversal (or reversion) of the aesthetic into the familiar or everyday.

What is it to "talk a poem," as against (as one supposes) composing it on a keyboard or whatever and then reciting it? If I understand, Antin would respond to a question of this sort by urging something like an analogy between words in a poem and furniture on a stage, where art is not a work of something (a construction or an artifact) but rather, as he says, "the act of putting it there"—an event rather than (strictly) an object, which is what characterizes so much of the American artworld since the 1950s, where, in the spirit of Duchamp and John Cage, performance trumps composition:  What is it for works of art and mere things to coincide within the same space (not to mention within the same physical properties, or should we say entities?)? There is an array of unformulated questions here about what happens to things like household goods when they occupy the space of art, and about what happens to art when it occupies the space of things the way Antin’s poetry occupies the space of talk. Possibly these questions fall in among others: the old modernist’s question of what happens when material ceases to be a form of mediation (words are treated as things, a painting is just made of paint, a wooden cube is a wooden cube); or the Artaud-like question of what happens to theater when it’s removed from the auditorium and deposited on the street. To which one might add a question from performance art: When does an ordinary event or thing or behavior (two lovers having an argument in a restaurant) become theater? It doesn’t seem enough to say that in these cases the difference between art and non-art becomes difficult to determine or even non-existent. So what if this is so? One could just as well say that the relationship between art and non-art has become intensely intimate, as if it were a relation of mutual habitation or proximity rather than one of appearance, cognition, representation, meaning, symbolization, or the negation of these things. Works and things lose their identity but gain their singularity when they leave or confuse their separate spheres. As Donald Judd once said, we may just not know where to put works of art since there doesn’t seem to be any place for them, and so for the sake of economy we convert them into other things: