January
9 and 11
¨
History, disciplines, questions, challenges
Gardner, H. (1987). Excerpt from The Mind's New
Science: A History of the Cognitive Revolution. Basic Books.
Bruner, J. S. (1990). Excerpt from Acts of Meaning. Harvard University Press.
Holden, C. (1986). The rational optimist; will computers ever think like people? This expert on artificial intelligence and cognitive science asks, why not? Psychology Today, 20, 54-60.
Further reading:
The
Pre-History of Cognitive Science Website: http://www.rc.umd.edu/cstahmer/cogsci/
Includes resources on philosophers Berkeley, Hobbes, and Locke as the “ancestors”
to modern cognitive science questions.
Crowther-Heyck,
H. (1999). George A. Miller, language, and the computer metaphor and mind. History
of Psychology, 2, 37-64.
January
18
¨
Representation
Greco, A. (1995) The concept of representation in psychology. Cognitive Systems, 4, 247-256. http://cogprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/archive/00000652/00/COGSY95B.HTM
¨
Analogy
Holyoak, K. J., Gentner, D., & Kokinov, B. N. (2001). Introduction: The Place of Analogy in Cognition [abridged]. In D. Gentner, K. J. Holyoak, and B. N. Kokinov (Eds.), The Analogical Mind: Perspectives from Cognitive Science (pp. 1-19). Cambridge MA: MIT Press.
¨
Imagery
Pylyshyn, Z. (2003). Return of the
mental image: Are there really pictures in the brain? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 7,
113-118.
¨
Rationality
Gardner, H. (1987). How rational a being? In H. Gardner, The mind’s new science: A history of the cognitive revolution (ch. 11). New York: Basic Books.
¨ How do emotion and cognition differ?
Bechara, A., Damasio, H., Tranel, D., & Damasio, A. R.
(1997). Deciding advantageously before knowing the advantageous strategy. Science, 275, 1293-1295.
Evans, J. St. B. T.. (2003). In two
minds: dual-process accounts of reasoning. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 7, 454-459.
Further Reading:
Thomas,
N. J. T. (2000, April). A Non-Symbolic Theory of Conscious Content: Imagery and
Activity. Paper presented at the Conference Toward a Science of
Consciousness, Tucson AZ. http://www.calstatela.edu/faculty/nthomas/nonsym.htm
See also: http://www.calstatela.edu/faculty/nthomas/pyl-com.htm
Samuels,
R., Stich, S., & Trmoulet, P. D. (1999). Rethinking rationality. From bleak implications to
Darwininan modules. [Abridged version].
Full-length original available at: http://ruccs.rutgers.edu/ArchiveFolder/Research%20Group/Publications/Rethink/rethink.html
Medin,
D. L., Lynch, E. B., & Solomon, K. O. (2000). Are there kinds of concepts? Annual
Review of Psychology,51, 121-147.
Hofstadter,
D. R. (2001) Analogy as the Core of Cognition. In D. Gentner, K. J. Holyoak,
and B. N. Kokinov (Eds.), The Analogical Mind: Perspectives from Cognitive
Science (pp. 499-538). Cambridge MA:
MIT Press.
Quantum
mechanics of concepts http://cogprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/archive/00002139/
Epstein,
S. (1994). Integration of the cognitive and the psychodynamic unconscious. American
Psychologist, 49, 709-724.
Thagard,
P. (in preparation). Emotions. In P. Thagard, Mind: Introduction to Cognitive
Science (2nd ed.). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. [For references, see http://cogsci.uwaterloo.ca/Bibliographies/cogsci.bib.html]
Eich,
E., & Schooler, J. W. (2000). Cognition/emotion interactions. In E. Eich, J. F. Kihlstrom, G. H.
Bower, J. P. Forgas, & P. M. Niedenthal, Cognition and Emotion (pp. 3-29). Oxford University Press.
Adolphs,
R., & Damasio, A. R. (2001). The interaction of affect and cognition: A
neurobiological perspective. In J. P. Forgas (Ed), Handbook of affect and
social cognition. (pp. 27-49).
Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum
Emotion
Home Page of the UCSD Salk Institute: http://emotion.salk.edu/emotion.html
January
23 and 25
¨ What is consciousness?
P. Thagard (in preparation). Consciousness. In P. Thagard, Mind: Introduction to Cognitive Science (2nd ed.). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. [For references, see http://cogsci.uwaterloo.ca/Bibliographies/cogsci.bib.html]
Chalmers, D. J. (2004). How can we construct a science of consciousness? In M. Gazzaniga (Ed.), The Cognitive Neurosciences III. MIT Press. http://consc.net/papers/scicon.html
Carruthers, P. (2000). The evolution
of consciousness. In P.Carruthers and A.Chamberlain (eds.), Evolution and
the Human Mind (pp. 254-275). Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
Further Reading:
Baars, B. J. (2002). The conscious access hypothesis. Trends in Cognitive Science, 6, 47-52.
McGinn
on consciousness (introduction): http://cogweb.ucla.edu/Abstracts/McGinn_99.html
McGinn
on consciousness and space (and transcending intuitions):
http://www.nyu.edu/gsas/dept/philo/courses/consciousness97/papers/ConsciousnessSpace.html
Carruthers,
P. (2000). Précis of Carruthers, P. (2000). Phenomenal Consciousness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. http://www.swif.uniba.it/lei/mind/forums/forum2.htm
W.
Lycan, Representational theories of concsiousness:
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/consciousness-representational/
Losing
Consciousness (from Conversations with Neil’s Brain” The Neural Nature of
Thought & Language, by William H. Calvin and George A. Ojemann). http://williamcalvin.com/bk7/bk7ch2.htm
Dretske
on mind’s self-awareness: http://www.nyu.edu/gsas/dept/philo/courses/consciousness97/papers/dretske.html
Block
on neural correlates of consciousness:
http://www.nyu.edu/gsas/dept/philo/faculty/block/papers/NeuralCorrelate.html
Patricia
Churchland on non-neural theories of conscious experience: http://philosophy.ucsd.edu/EPL/nonneural.html
January
30 and February 1
¨ Elements of social cognition
Malle, B. F. (2005). What is Social Cognition?
Chapter in preparation for B. F. Malle, Social cognition: Social,
developmental, and evolutionary perspectives. Monograph
in preparation for Guilford Press.
¨ Theory of mind
Malle, B. F. (2004). Foundation: The folk theory of mind. In B. F. Malle, How the mind explains behavior (chapter 2). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Meltzoff, A. N., & Brooks, R.
(2001). “Like me” as a building block for understanding other minds: Bodily
acts, attention, and intention. In B. F. Malle, L. J. Moses, & D. A.
Baldwin (Eds.), Intentions and intentionality: Foundations of social
cognition (pp. 171-191). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
¨ How flawed is social cognition?
Barr, D. J., & Keysar, B.
(2005). Mindreading in an exotic case: The normal adult human. In B. F. Malle and S. D. Hodges, Other
Minds. New York: Guilford.
Resource Page from NEH Seminar on Mental Simulation http://www.umsl.edu/~philo/Mind_Seminar/New%20Pages/papers.html.
Goldman,
A. I. (1993). The psychology of folk psychology. Behavioral and Brain
Sciences, 16, 15-28. http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Papers/Py104/goldman.psyc.html.
Preston,
S. D., & de Waal, F. B. M. (2001). Empathy: Its ultimate and proximate
bases. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 25, [also
in BBS public domain http://www.bbsonline.org/Preprints/Preston/Referees/
February
6 and 8
¨ Perception and Action
Gallese, V., Keysers, C., & Rizzolatti, G. (2004). A unifying view of the basis of social cognition. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 8, 396-403.
Johnson, S. H. (2000). Thinking ahead: The case for
motor imagery in prospective judgements of prehension. Cognition, 74, 33-70.
Bargh,
J. A. (2005). Bypassing the will: Towards demystifying behavioral priming
effects. In R. Hassin, J. S. Uleman, and J. A. Bargh (Eds.), The new
unconscious (pp.
37-58). New York: Oxford University Press.
Blakemore,
S.-J., Wolpert, D. M., & Frith, C. D. (2000). Why can't you tickle
yourself? Neuroreport. 11(11),
R11-R16.
Video
clip from PBS Nova about mirror
neurons: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/sciencenow/video/3204/i01.html
¨ Is there freedom of the will?
Wegner, D. M., & Wheatley, T. P. (1999). Apparent mental causation: Sources of the experience of will. American Psychologist, 54, 480–492.
Malle, B. F. (forthcoming). Of windmills and strawmen: Skepticism about folk assumptions of mind and action. In S. Pockett, W. P. Banks, & S. Gallagher (Eds.), Does consciousness cause behavior? An investigation of the nature of volition. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Mele, A. R. (in press).
Decisions, intentions, urges, and free will: Why Libet has not shown what he
says he has. In J. Campbell, M. O'Rourke, and D. Shier (Eds.), Explanation and causation: Topics in
contemporary philosophy. Cambridge,
MA: MIT Press.
Lloyd,
P. B. Glitches Reloaded. Published on KurzweilAI.net June 1, 2003. http://www.kurzweilai.net/meme/frame.html?main=/articles/art0581.html [A critical analysis of questions
raised by Matrix Reloaded, with
the free will question being one of them.]
Pelham,
B. W., Mirenberg, M. C., Jones, J. T. (2002). Why Susie sells seashells by the
seashore: Implicit egotism and major life decisions. Journal of Personality
and Social Psychology, 82, 469–87.
February
13 and 15
¨ Language I: Phonetics, syntax, and comprehension
Bloom, P. (2000). Language and
thought: Does grammar makes us smart? Current Biology, 10,
R516-R517.
Richardson, D. C., Spivey, M. J.,
Barsalou, L. W., & McRae, K. (2003). Spatial representations activated
during real-time comprehension of verbs. Cognitive Science, 27, 767-780.
¨ Language II: Acquisition, evolution, and discourse
Bloom, P. (2002). Mindreading, communication and the
learning of names for things. Mind
and Language, 17, 37-54.
Iverson, J. M., & Goldin-Meadow, S. (2001). The resilience of gesture in talk: Gesture in blind speakers and listeners. Developmental Science, 4, 416-422.
Pinker, S. (2003) Language as an adaptation to the cognitive niche. In M. Christiansen & S. Kirby (Eds.), Language evolution: States of the art. New York: Oxford University Press.
Baldwin, D. A. (1993).
Early referential understanding: Infants' ability to recognize referential acts
for what they are. Developmental Psychology, 29,
832-843.
Morgan, J. L. (1978).
Toward a rational model of discourse comprehension. Proceedings of the
theoretical issues in natural language processing 2 (pp. 109-114). Urbana-Campaign, Illinois, United States.
Goldin-Meadow, Susan;
Mayberry, Rachel I. (2001). How do profoundly deaf children learn to read? Learning
Disabilities Research & Practice. Vol 16, 222-229.
Malle, B. F. (2002a). The relation
between language and theory of mind in development and evolution. In T. Givón
& B. F. Malle (Eds.), The evolution of language out of pre-language (pp. 265-284). Amsterdam: Benjamins.
February
20 and 22
¨ Evolution of cognition (Is all cognition originally social?)
Reader, S. M., & Laland,
K. N. (2002). Social intelligence,
innovation, and enhanced brain size in primates. Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences, 99, 4436-4441. http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/99/7/4436
Humphrey, N. (1976).
The social function of intellect. In P. P. G. Bateson and R. A. Hinde, Growing
Points in Ethology
(pp. 303- 317). Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press. http://cogprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/archive/00001737/
Cruse,
H. (2003). The evolution of cognition—a hypothesis. Cognitive Science, 27, 135–155.
Calvin, W. H. (2001). Pumping up intelligence: Abrupt
climate jumps and the evolution of higher intellectual functions during the ice
ages. In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.), The
Evolution of Intelligence (pp. 97-115). Erlbaum. http://cogprints.org/3219/01/1999intelligence-chapter.htm
Thomas R. Insel and Russell D. Fernald. (2004). How
the Brain Processes Social Information: Searching for the Social Brain. Annual Review of
Neuroscience,
27, 697-722.
Krachun, C. (2002). Are apes conscious? an overview of
inconclusive evidence. Carleton University Cognitive Science Technical Report
2002-10. http://www.carleton.ca/iis/TechReports/2002.html.
¨ Artificial intelligence, minds in machines?
McCarthy, J. (2000). What is AI? http://www.kurzweilai.net/meme/frame.html?main=/articles/art0088.html
Moravec, H. (2000). Robots, re-evolving mind. http://www.kurzweilai.net/meme/frame.html?main=/articles/art0145.html
Adams, B., Breazeal, C., Brooks, R. A., & Scassellati,
B. (2000). Humanoid robots: A new kind of tool. IEEE Intelligent Systems and
Their Applications: Special Issue on Humanoid Robotics, 15, 25-31.
Searle, J. R. (2002). I married a
computer. In J. W. Richards (Ed.), Are we spiritual machines?: Ray Kurzweil
vs. the critics of Strong A.I. Discovery
Institute. or http://www.kurzweilai.net/meme/frame.html?main=/articles/art0499.html [Note: The paper that Searle responds to is in the Further Readings as
Kurzweil (2002).]
Can
computers think? http://www.macrovu.com/CCTGeneralInfo.html
Bringsjord,
S. Précis of Bringsjord, S.
(1992), What robots can and can't be. Boston: Kluwer.
Dennett,
D. (1997). Consciousness in human and robot minds. In M. Ito, Y. Miyashita,
& E. T. Rolls (Eds.), Cognition,
Computation, and Consciousness.
Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Kurzweil,
R. (2002). The evolution of mind in the twenty-first century. In J. W. Richards (Ed.), Are we
spiritual machines?: Ray Kurzweil vs. the critics of Strong A.I. Discovery Institute. or
http://www.kurzweilai.net/meme/frame.html?main=/articles/art0500.html
Website
on KISMET, the sociable robot: http://www.ai.mit.edu/projects/humanoid-robotics-group/kismet/kismet.html
See especially: http://www.ai.mit.edu/projects/sociable/videos.html
February 27 and March
1
¨ The mind-body problem
Introduction to the philosophical mind-body problem. Excerpted and abridged from:
Duniho, F. (1991). The
Mind/Body problem and its solution. Unpublished Master’s Thesis. Troy, NY:
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.
Taylor, E. (1992). Biological consciousness and the experience of the transcendent: William James and American functional psychology. In R. H. Wozniak, Mind and Body: Rene Déscartes to William James. Bethesda, MD & Washington, DC by the National Library of Medicine and the American Psychological Association. http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/Mind/James.html
McGinn, C. (1989). Can we solve the Mind-Body problem. Mind, 98, 349-366.
Humphrey, N. (2000). How to solve the mind-body problem. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 7, 5-20. http://www.humphrey.org.uk/papersonline/2000MindBodyProblem.
Excerpt from:
Chalmers, D. J. (2000). What is a neural correlate of consciousness? In T.
Metzinger (Ed.), Neural Correlates of Consciousness: Empirical and
Conceptual Questions. Cambridge, MA:
MIT Press.
Velmans,
M. (2002). How could conscious experiences affect brains? Journal of
Consciousness Studies, 9, 3-29.
¨ Cognitive and brain science
Blakemore, S., Winston, J., & Frith, U. (2004). Social
cognitive neuroscience: Where are we heading? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 8,
216-222.
Harpaz, Y. (2002). Misunderstanding in cognitive brain imaging. Unpublished manuscript, available at http://human-brain.org/imaging.html
¨ Folk psychology
Brief overview of Churchland’s attack on folk psychology: http://www.hku.hk/philodep/courses/rm/phil2230/phil2230l13.html
Excerpts from:
Nichols, S. (2002). Folk psychology.
Originally appeared in Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science.
London: Nature Publishing
Group.
Entire
original available at http://www.cofc.edu/~nichols/FolkPsychologyFinal.htm
March 6 and 8
Last Chance for
Second Lit Reaction: Wednesday, March 8
¨ Cognitive science of music and art
De Sousa, R. (2004). Is art an adaptation? Prospects for an
evolutionary perspective on beauty. Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism,
62, 109-118.
Lopes, D. M. M. (1999). Pictorial color: aesthetics and
cognitive science. Philosophical Psychology, 12, 415-428,
Levitin, D. J. (2000). In search of the musical
mind. Cerebrum, 2, 1 - 24.
Trainor, L. J., Tsang, C. D., & Cheung, V. H.
W. (2002). Preference for sensory consonance in 2- and 4-month-old
infants. Music Perception, 20, 187-194.
Brown,
S., Merker, B., & Wallin, N. L. (2000). An Introduction to Evolutionary
Musicology. In N. L. Wallin, B. Merker, and S. Brown (Eds.), The origins of
music. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
Carroll,
N. (2004). Art and human nature. Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, 62, 95-107.
Cross,
I. (1999). Is music the most important thing we ever did? Music, development
and evolution. In Suk Won Yi
(Ed.), Music, Mind and Science. Seoul: Seoul National University Press. http://www.mus.cam.ac.uk/~ic108/MMS/
Humphrey,
N. (1998). Cave art, autism, and the evolution of the human mind. Cambridge Archaeological Journal, 8, 165-191.
Steele,
K. M. (2003). Do rats show a Mozart effect? Music Perception, 21,
251–265.
Further
resources:
http://www.aesthetics-online.org/ideas/freeland.html,
http://www.aesthetics-online.org/ideas/freeland2.html,
http://www.aesthetics-online.org/ideas/freeland3.html,
Journal Music Perception http://caliber.ucpress.net/loi/mp
¨ Cognitive Science of morality
Stich, S. (1993). Moral philosophy and mental
representation. In M. Hechter, L. Nadel, & R. E. Michod (Eds.), The
origin of values (pp215-228). New York:
Aldine de Gruyter. http://ruccs.rutgers.edu/ArchiveFolder/Research%20Group/Publications/MPMR/MPAMR.html
Greene, J. D. (2003). From neural ‘is’ to moral ‘ought’:
What are the moral implications of neuroscientific moral psychology? Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 4,
847-850.
fMRI paper
Rethorst, J. (1997). Art and imagination: Implications of cognitive science for moral education. Philosophy of Education. http://www.ed.uiuc.edu/EPS/PES-Yearbook/97_docs/rethorst.html
Further
Readings
Sheppard,
S. (1997). Education and the cognitive revolution: Something to
"think" about, Philosophy of Education. http://www.ed.uiuc.edu/EPS/PES-Yearbook/97_docs/sheppard.html
Flack
J. C., & de Waal F. B. M. (2000). ‘Any animal whatever'. Darwinian building
blocks of morality in monkeys and apes.
Journal of Consciousness Studies, 7, 1-29.
Newberg
A. B., & d'Aquili E. G. (2000). The neuropsychology of religious and
spiritual experience. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 7,
251-266.
March
13 and 15
Second Exam:
Monday, March 13