Craig M. Young

Publications

Edited Books and Volumes (13)

Young, C.M. (ed.), M.E. Rice and M. Sewell (assoc. eds.) (2001). Atlas of Marine Invertebrate Larvae. Academic Press, London. 646pp.

Young, C.M. and K.J. Eckelbarger (eds.) (1994). Reproduction, larval biology and recruitment of the deep?sea benthos. Columbia University Press, N.Y. 336 pp.

Young, C.M. (ed.) (1990). Field inferences in the ecology of marine invertebrate larvae. Ophelia 32 (1?2): 198 pp.
Ekaratne, S.U.K. and C.M. Young (in preparation). Field guide to the coral reef invertebrates of Sri Lanka. March for Conservation and the World Bank.

Southward, A.J., P.A. Tyler and C.M. Young (eds.) (1999). Advances in Marine Biology, Volume 35. Academic Press. 243 pp.

Southward, A.J., P.A. Tyler and C.M. Young (eds.) (1999). Advances in Marine Biology, Volume 36. The Biochemical Ecology of Marine Fishes. Academic Press. 351 pp.

Southward, A.J., P.A. Tyler and C.M. Young (eds.) (1999). Advances in Marine Biology, Volume 37. 277pp.

Southward, A.J., P.A. Tyler, C.M. Young and L. Fuiman (eds.) (2000). Advances in Marine Biology, Volume 38. Academic Press. 256 pp.

Southward, A.J., P.A. Tyler, C.M. Young and L. Fuiman (eds.) (2001). Advances in Marine Biology, Volume 39. Academic Press. 319 pp.

Southward, A.J., P.A. Tyler, C.M. Young and L. Fuiman (eds.) (2001). Advances in Marine Biology, Volume 40. Academic Press. (361pp)

Southward, A.J., P.A. Tyler, C.M. Young and L. Fuiman (eds.) (2001). Advances in Marine Biology, Volume 41. Academic Press. (232pp)

Southward, A.J., P.A. Tyler, C.M. Young and L. Fuiman (eds.) (2002). Advances in Marine Biology, Volume 42. The wayward molluscs. Academic Press (in press).

Southward, A.J., P.A. Tyler, C.M. Young and L. Fuiman (eds.) (2002). Advances in Marine Biology, Volume 43. Academic Press (in press).

Popular Articles, Encyclopedia chapters, and miscellaneous works (9):

Maldonado, M. and C.M. Young (2002). Induction of settlement in merozooplankton. In, Encylopedia of Life-Support Systems. EOLSS Publishers, Spain (unrefereed: invited encyclopedia chapter)

Young, C.M. (2001). Out of the frying pan and into the freezer: larvae at deep-sea vents. Natural History (in press). (unrefereed: popular magazine article)

Goldfarb, M. and Young, C.M. (2000). Hydrothermal vent. In, McGraw Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology (unrefereed: invited encyclopedia article)

Young, C.M. (1996). Review of: Reproduction and Development of Marine Invertebrates (ed. by W.H. Wilson, S.A. Stricker and G.L. Shinn). Bioscience 46:460-461. (unrefereed: invited review)

Young, C.M. (1996). The origin of echinoderms, revisited. p. xv In, R.H. Emson, A.B. Smith and A.C. Campbell, eds., Echinoderm Research 1995. Balkema, Rotterdam. (unrefereed: poem)

Young, C.M. (1996). Crinoidea. pp. 128-131 In, McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology (unrefereed: invited encyclopedia article)

Young, C.M. (1994). Marine larval ecology gets a meeting of its own. Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 9:84-85. (unrefereed: invited review)

Young, C.M. (1991). Challenging the Challenger: recent surprises in deep?sea reproduction. Oceanus 34:54?63. (unrefereed: invited popular article).

Young, C.M. (1987). Novelty of supply?side ecology. Science 235:415?416. (refereed: letter to the editor).

Papers in refereed journals and books (126)

2002:

McCarthy, D.A., R.B. Forward and C.M. Young (2002). Ontogeny of phototaxis and geotaxis during larval development of the sabellariid polychaete Phragmatopoma lapidosa lapidosa. Marine Ecology Progress Series. (in press)

Young, C.M. (2002). Life histories, development and reproduction in the deep sea. In, P.A. Tyler, ed., Ecosystems of the World: The Deep Sea. (In press).

Emson, R.H., D. Morritt, E.B. Andrews and C.M. Young (2002). Life on a hot dry beach: Behavioural , physiological and ultrastructural adaptations of the littorinid Gastropod Cenchritis (Tectarius) muricatus. Marine Biology (in press).

McCarthy, D. and C.M. Young (2002). Seasonal reproduction and gametogenesis in the echinoid Lytechinus variegatus. Marine Ecology Progress Series 233:157-168.

Bauer, J.D. , C.M. Young and R.H. Emson (2002). Human intestinal bacteria isolated from the guts of bathyal echinoderms. Bulletin of Marine Science (in press).

Eckelbarger, K.J. and C.M. Young (2002). Spermiogenesis and modified sperm morphology in the seepworm Methanoaricia dendrobranchiata (Polychaeta: Orbinidae) from a methane seep in the Gulf of Mexico: implications for fertilization biology. Marine Biology (in press).

Metaxas, A., R.E. Scheibling and C.M. Young (2002). Estimating fertilization success in marine benthic invertebrates: a case study with the tropical sea star Oreaster reticulatus. Marine Ecology Progress Series 226:87-101.

McCarthy, D.A., C.M. Young and R.H. Emson (2002). Spatial and temporal variation in the fedundity patterns of the sabellariid polychaete Phragmatopoma lapidosa lapidosa (Kinberg, 1877): the influence of distrurbance on seasonal spawning patterns. Marine Ecology Progress Series (submitted).

2001:

Pradillon, F., B. Shillito, C.M. Young and F. Gaill (2001). Temperature sensitive embryos in the thermophilic vent worm Alvinella pompejana. Nature 413:698-699.

Marsh, A., L. Mullineaux, C.M. Young and D.L. Manahan (2001). Larval dispersal potential of the tubeworm Riftia pachyptila along a deep-ocean ridge axis. Nature 411:77-80.

Tyler, P.A., A.L. Rice and C.M. Young (2000). Deep-sea biology in the 1990's: a legacy of the Challenger expedition. In, M. Deacon, T. Rice and C. Summerhayes, eds., Understanding the Oceans. Pp. 261-271. University College London Press, London.

Eckelbarger, K.J., C.M. Young, S. Brooke, E. Ramirez Llodra and P.A. Tyler (2001). Reproduction,gametogenesis and early development in the methane "ice worm" Hesoicoeca methanicola from the Louisiana Slope. Marine Biology .

Cloney, R.L., C.M. Young and I. Svane (2001). Chordata: Urochordata in, Atlas of Marine Invertebrate Larvae, C.M. Young et al., eds. Academic Press.

Pernet, B., P.Y. Qian, C.M. Young, G. Rouse and K.J. Eckelbarger (2001). Annelida in, Atlas of Marine Invertebrate Larvae, C.M. Young et al., eds. Academic Press.

N. Smith, K. Johnson and C.M. Young (2001). Platyhelminthes. in, Atlas of Marine Invertebrate Larvae, C.M. Young et al., eds. Academic Press.

Emlet, R.L., C.M. Young and S.B. George (2001). Echinodermata: Echinoidea. in, Atlas of Marine Invertebrate Larvae, C.M. Young et al., eds. Academic Press.

McCarthy, D.L. and C.M. Young (2001). Chordata: Cephalochordata. in, Atlas of Marine Invertebrate Larvae, C.M. Young et al., eds. Academic Press.

2000:

Vazquez, E. and C.M. Young (2000). Effects of low salinity on metamorphosis in estuarine colonial ascidians. Invertebrate Biology 119:433-444.

Fisher, C.R., I.R. MacDonald, R. Sassen, C.M. Young, S.A. Macko, S. Hourdez, R.S. Carney, S. Joye and E. McMullin (2000). Methane ice worms: Hesiocaeca methanicola colonizing fossil fuel reserves. Naturwissenschaften 87:184-187.

Forward, R.B. Jr., J.M. Welch and C.M. Young (2000). Light induced larval release of a colonial ascidian. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 248:225-238.

Bauer, J.A. and C.M. Young (2000). Lesions and mortality caused by vibriosis in a deep-sea echinoid. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 39:193-199.

Tyler, P.A., C.M. Young and A. Clarke (2000). Embryonic pressure and temperature tolerances in an antarctic echinoid: potential for deep-sea invasion. Marine Ecology Progress Series .

Young, C.M. and S. George (2000). Larval development of the tropical deep-sea echinoid Aspidodiadema jacobyi: phylogenetic implications. Biol. Bull. 198:387-395.

1999:

Young, C.M. (1999). Synchrony and sociality: breeding strategies in constant and variable environments. Pp. 1-14 In, M. Whitfield, J. Matthews & C. Reynolds, eds., Aquatic life cycle strategies: survival in a variable environment. Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Plymouth.

Sewell, M.A. and C.M. Young (1999). Temperature limits to fertilization and early development in the tropical sea urchin Echinometra lucunter. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 236:291-305.

Young, C.M. (1999). Marine invertebrate larvae. Pp. 89-97 in, E. Knobil & J.D. Neill, eds., Encyclopedia of Reproduction. Academic Press, London and San Diego.

Pile, A.J. and C.M. Young (1999). Plankton availability and retention efficiencies by cold-seep symbiotic mussels. Limnology and Oceanography. 44:1833-1839.

Eckelbarger, K.J. and C.M. Young (1999). Ultrastructure of gametogenesis in a chemosynthetic mytilid bivalve (Bathymodiolus childressi) from bathyal, methane seep environment (northern Gulf of Mexico). Marine Biology 135:635-646.

Maldonado, M. and C.M. Young (1999). Effects of the duration of larval life on postlarval stages of the demosponge Sigmadocia caerulea. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 232:9-21.

Tyler, P.A. and C.M. Young (1999). Reproduction and dispersal at vents and cold seeps. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 79:193-208.

1998:

Young, C.M., S.U.K. Ekaratne and J.L. Cameron (1998). Thermal tolerances of embryos and planktotrophic larvae of Archaeopneustes hystrix (Spatangoidea) and Stylocidaris lineata (Cidaroidea), bathyal echinoids from the Bahamian Slope. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 223:65-76.

Maldonado, M. and C.M. Young (1998). Reevaluation of stalked aplysinid ascidians with description of a new species from the Bahamian Slope. Bull. Mar. Sci. 63:417-426.

Vazquez, E. and C.M. Young (1998). Ontogenetic changes in phototaxis during larval life of the ascidian Polyandrocarpa zorritensis (Van Name, 1931). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology

Emson, R.H. and C.M. Young (1998). Structure and function of the fleshy spines in deep-sea echinothuriid sea urchins. Acta Zoologica.79:101-111.

Metaxas, A. and C.M. Young (1998). Behavior of echinoderm larvae around sharp haloclines: effects of the salinity gradient and dietary conditioning. Marine Biology 131:443-459.

Tyler, P.A. and C.M. Young (1998). Temperature and pressure tolerances in early life history stages of the genus Echinus: a mechanism for invasion and speciation in the deep sea. Deep-Sea Research 45:253-278.

Hodgson, A.N., K.J. Eckelbarger and C.M. Young (1998). Sperm morphology and spermiogenesis in the methane-seep mollusc Bathynerita naticoidea (Gastropoda: Neritimorpha) from the Louisiana Slope. Invertebrate Biology 117:199-207.

Maldonado, M. and C.M. Young (1998). A new species of poecilosclerid sponge (Porifera) from bathyal methane seeps in the Gulf of Mexico. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 78:1-12.

Metaxas, A. and C.M. Young (1998). Responses of echinoid larvae to food patches of different algal densities. Marine Biology 130:433-445.

Maldonado, M. and C.M. Young (1998). Limits on the bathymetric distribution of keratose sponges: a field test in deep water. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 174:123-139.

1997:

Young, C.M., M.A. Sewell, P.A. Tyler and A. Metaxas (1997). Biogeographic and bathymetric ranges of Atlantic deep-sea echinoderms and ascidians: the role of larval dispersal. Biodiversity and Conservation 6:1507-1522.

Sewell, M.A. and C.M. Young (1997). Are echinoderm egg size distributions bimodal? Biological Bulletin 193:297-305.

Eckelbarger, K.J. and C.M. Young (1997). Ultrastructure of the ovary and oogenesis in the methane-seep mollusc Bathynerita naticoidea (Gastropoda: Neritidae) from the Louisiana Slope. Invertebrate Biology 116:299-312.

Maldonado, M., S.B. George, C.M. Young and I. Vaquerizo (1997). Depth regulation in parenchymella larvae of a demosponge: relative roles of skeletogenesis, biochemical changes and behavior. Marine Ecology Progress Series 148:115-124.

Young, C.M. and E. Vazquez (1997). Agnezia monnioti and Styela gagetyleri, new deep-sea ascidians specialized for life within and below the oxygen minimum layer in the Arabian Sea. Invertebrate Biology 116:262-276.

Young, C.M., P.A. Tyler and L. Fenaux (1997). Potential for deep-sea invasion by Mediterranean shallow-water echinoids: pressure and temperature as stage-specific dispersal barriers. Marine Ecology Progress Series 154:197-209.

Sewell, M.A., P.A. Tyler, C.M. Young and C. Conand (1997). Ovarian development in the class holothuroidea: a reassessment of the tubule recruitment model. Biological Bulletin 192:17-26.

Creasey, S., A.D. Rogers, P.A. Tyler, C.M. Young and J.D. Gage (1997). The population biology and genetics of the deep-sea spider crab Encephaloides armstrongi Wood-Mason 1891 (Decapoda: Majidae). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 352:365-379.

George, S.B., C.M. Young and L. Fenaux (1997). Proximate composition of eggs and larvae of the sand dollar Encope michelini : the advantage of higher investment in planktotrophic eggs. International Journal of Invertebrate Reproduction and Development 32:11-19.

1996:

Maldonado, M. and C.M. Young. (1996). Effects of physical factors on larval behavior, settlement and recruitment of four tropical demosponges. Marine Ecology Progress Series 138:169-180.

Young, C.M., E. Vazquez, A. Metaxas and P.A. Tyler (1996). Embryology of vestimentiferan tube worms from deep-sea methane/sulfide seeps. Nature 314:514-16.

Young, C.M., M. Devin, W.B. Jaeckle and S. Ekaratne (1996). The potential for ontogenetic vertical migration in larvae of deep-sea echinoids. Oceanologica Acta 19:263-271.

Maldonado, M. and C.M. Young (1996). Bathymetric patterns of sponge distribution on the Bahamian Slope. Deep-sea Research I 43:897-915.

Young, C.M., P.A. Tyler and J.D. Gage (1996). Vertical distribution correlates with pressure tolerances of cleaving embryos in the deep-sea asteroid Plutonaster bifrons. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 76:749-757.

Tyler, P.A., A.L. Rice, C.M. Young and A. Gebruk (1996). A walk on the deep side: animals in the deep sea. Pp. 195-211 In, C.P. Summerhayes & S.A. Thorpe, eds. Oceanography: an illustrated guide. Manson Publishing, London.

1995:

Young, C.M. (1995). Behavior and locomotion during the dispersal phase of larval life. Pp. 249-277 In, L. McEdward, ed. Ecology of Marine Invertebrate Larvae. CRC Press.

Vazquez, E. and C.M. Young (1995). Responses of compound ascidian larvae to haloclines. Marine Ecology Progress Series 133:179-190.

Levitan, D.R. & C.M. Young (1995). Reproductive success in large populations: empirical measures and theoretical predictions of fertilization in the sea biscuit Clypeaster rosaceaus. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 190:221-241.

Young, C.M., P.A. Tyler and R.H. Emson (1995). Embryonic pressure tolerances of bathyal and shallow-water echinoids from the tropical Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. pp. 325-331 in, R.H. Emson, A.B. Smith and A.C. Campbell, eds., Echinoderm Research 1995. Balkema, Rotterdam.

Tyler, P., C.M. Young and K. Serafy (1995). Distribution, diet and reproduction in the genus Echinus: Evidence for recent diversification? pp. 29-35 in, R.H. Emson, A.B. Smith and A.C. Campbell, eds., Echinoderm Research 1995. Balkema, Rotterdam.

Bingham, B.L. and C.M. Young (1995). Stochastic events and dynamics of a mangrove root epifaunal community. Marine Ecology PSZN I. 16:145-163.

Young, C.M. and R.H. Emson (1995). Rapid arm movements in stalked crinoids. Biological Bulletin 188:89-97.

Young, C.M. and E. Vazquez (1995). Morphology, larval development and spatial distribution of Bathypera feminalba n. sp. (Ascidiacea: Pyuridae), a new deep-water ascidian from the fjords and sounds of British Columbia. Invertebrate Biology 114:89-106.

Tyler, P.A., S.K. Bronsdon, C.M. Young and A.L. Rice (1995). Ecology and gametogenic biology of the genus Umbellula (Pennatulacea) in the North Atlantic Ocean. Int. Revue ges. Hydrobiol. 80:1-13.

Vazquez, E. and C.M. Young (1995). Rhopalaea cloneyi (Ascidiacea, Cionidae), a new deep-water ascidian from the coast of British Columbia. Journal of Zoology 238: 599-610.

1994:

Young, C.M. (1994). A tale of two dogmas: the early history of deep?sea reproductive biology. Pp. 1?25 in, C.M. Young and K.J. Eckelbarger, eds., Reproduction, larval biology and recruitment of the deep?sea benthos. Columbia University Press.

Wilkie, I.C., R.H. Emson and C.M. Young (1994). Variable tensility of the ligaments in the stalk of a sea-lily. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 109A:633-641.

Young, C.M. (1994). The ecology of external fertilization in deep?sea echinoderms. Pp. 179?200 in, C.M. Young and K.J. Eckelbarger, eds., Reproduction, larval biology and recruitment of the deep?sea benthos. Columbia University Press.

Barile, P.J., A.W. Stoner and C.M. Young (1994). Phototaxis and vertical migration of the queen conch (Strombus gigas Linne) veliger larvae. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 183:147-162.

Emson, R.H. and C.M. Young (1994). The feeding mechanism of a brisingid sea star, Novodinea antillensis. Marine Biology 118:433-442.

1993:

Wilkie, I.C., R.H. Emson and C.M. Young (1993). Smart collagen in sea lilies. Nature 366:519?520.

Young, C.M. and P.A. Tyler (1993). Embryos of the deep?sea echinoid Echinus affinus require high pressure for fertilization. Limnology and Oceanography 38:178?181.

Emson, R.H., C.M. Young and G. Patterson (1993). A fire worm with a sheltered life: the amphinomid polychaete Benthoscolex cubanus as an internal associate of bathyal sea urchins. Journal of Natural History 27:1013?1028.

Young, C.M., Tyler, P.A., Emson, R.H. and J.D. Gage (1993). Perception and selection of macrophyte detrital falls by the bathyal echinoid Stylocidaris lineata. Deep?sea Research 40:1475?1486.

Lawson, G., P.A. Tyler & C.M. Young (1993). Attraction of deep?sea amphipods to macroalgal food falls. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 169:33?39.

Bingham, B.L. and C.M. Young (1993). Larval phototaxis in barnacles and snails associated with bathyal sea urchins. Deep?sea Research 40:1?12.

Dalby, J.E. and C.M. Young (1993). Variable effects of ascidian competitors on oysters in a Florida epifaunal community. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 167:47-57.

Olson, R.R., J.L. Cameron and C.M. Young (1993). Larval development of the pencil urchin Phyllacanthus imperialis: a unique lecithotrophic echinopluteus. Biological Bulletin 185:77?85.

1992:

Tyler, P.A. and C.M. Young (1992). Reproduction of marine invertebrates in stable environments: the deep?sea model. Invertebrate Reproduction and Development 22:185?192.

Young, C.M. (1992). Episodic recruitment and cohort dominance in Bahamian echinoid populations at bathyal depths. Pp. 239?246 in, G. Columbo et al., eds. Marine Eutrophication and Population Dynamics. Olsen & Olsen, Denmark.

Eckelbarger, K.J. and C.M. Young (1992). Comparative vitellogenesis and ultrastructure of the ovary in ten species of shallow water and bathyal sea cucumbers (Holothuroidea: Echinodermata). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 72:759?781.

Tyler, P.A., D.M.S. Billett, C.M. Young and L.A. Giles (1992). Pairing behavior, reproduction and diet in the deep?sea holothurian genus Paroriza (Holothuroidea; Synallactidae). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 72:447?462.

Young, C.M., P.A. Tyler, J.L. Cameron and S. Rumrill (1992). Seasonal breeding aggregations in low?density populations of the bathyal echinoid Stylocidaris lineata. Marine Biology 113:603?612.

Dalby, J.E. & C.M. Young (1992). Role of early post?settlement mortality in setting the upper depth limit of ascidians in Florida fouling communities. Marine Ecology Progress Series 80:221?228.

Gerhart, D.J., D. Rittschof, I.R. Hooper, K. Eisenman, A.E. Meyer, R.E. Baier and C.Young (1992). Rapid and inexpensive quantification of the combined polar components of surface wettability: application to biofouling. Biofouling 5:251?259.

1991:

Bingham, B.L. & C.M. Young (1991). Allelopathy and the influence of sponges on recruitment of marine invertebrate larvae. Marine Biology 109:19?26.

Svane, I. & C.M. Young (1991). Sensory structures in tadpole larvae of the ascidians Microcosmus exasperatus Heller and Herdmania momus (Savigny). Acta Zoologica 72:129?135.

Bingham, B.L. & C.M. Young (1991). Larval behavior of the ascidian Ecteinascidia turbinata Herdman; an in situ experimental study of the effects of swimming on dispersal.Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 145:189?204.

1990:

Young, C.M. (1990). Larval predation by epifauna on temperate reefs: scale, power, and the scarcity of measurable effects. Australian Journal of Ecology 15:49?61.

McClintock, J.M., J.L. Cameron and C.M. Young (1990). Biochemical and energetic composition of bathyal echinoids and an asteroid, holothuroid, and crinoid from the Bahamas. Marine Biology 105:175?183.

Young, C.M. (1990). Larval ecology of marine invertebrates: a sesquicentennial history. Ophelia 32:1?48.

1989:

Young, C.M. (1989). Larval depletion by ascidians has little effect on settlement of epifauna. Marine Biology 102:481?489.

Young, C.M. (1989). Distribution and dynamics of an intertidal ascidian pseudopopulation. Bulletin of Marine Science 45:288?303.

Young, C.M. (1989) Selection of predator?free settlement sites by larval ascidians. Ophelia 30:131?140.

Young, C.M., J.L. Cameron and K.J. Eckelbarger (1989). Extended pre?feeding period in a planktotrophic echinoid larva from the bathyal zone of the deep sea. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 69:695?702.

Young, C.M. and J.L. Cameron (1989). Developmental rate as a function of depth in the bathyal echinoid Linopneustes longispinus. Pp. 225?231 in, J.S. Ryland & P.A. Tyler (Eds.), Reproduction, Genetics and Distributions of Marine Organisms. Olsen & Olsen, Fredensborg, Denmark.

Eckelbarger, K.J., C.M. Young and J.L. Cameron (1989). Ultrastructure and development of dimorphic sperm in the abyssal echinoid Phrissocystis multispina (Echinodermata: Echinoidea): implications for deep sea reproductive biology. Biological Bulletin 176:257?271.

Eckelbarger, K.J., C.M. Young and J.L. Cameron (1989). Modified sperm in echinoderms from the bathyal and abyssal zones of the deep sea. Pp. 67?74 in, J.S. Ryland & P.A. Tyler (Eds.): Reproduction, Genetics and Distributions of Marine Organisms. Olsen & Olsen, Fredensborg, Denmark.

Young, C.M. and J.L. Cameron (1989). Differential predation by barnacles upon larvae of two bryozoans: spatial effects at small scales. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 128:283?294.

Eckelbarger, K.J., C.M. Young & J.L. Cameron (1989). Modified sperm ultrastructure in four species of soft?bodied sea urchins (Echinodermata: Echinothuriidae) from the bathyal zone of the deep sea. Biological Bulletin 177:230?236.

Svane, I. and C.M. Young (1989). The ecology and behavior of ascidian larvae. Oceanography and Marine Biology, Annual Review 27:45?90.

Davis, A.R., N.M. Targett, O.J. McConnell and C.M. Young (1989). Epibiosis of marine algae and benthic invertebrates: natural products chemistry and other mechanisms of settlement and overgrowth inhibition. Bioorganic Marine Chemistry 3:85?114.

1988:

Young, C.M. and N.J. Gotelli (1988). Larval predation by barnacles: effects on patch colonization in a shallow subtidal community. Ecology 69:624?634.

Young, C.M. (1988). Ascidian cannibalism correlates with larval behavior and adult distribution. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 117:9?26.

Young, C.M., R. Gowen, C.A. Pennechetti, J. Dalby, Jr., and D. Gagliardi (1988). Distributional consequences of adhesive eggs and anural development in the ascidian Molgula pacifica. Biological Bulletin 174:39?46.

Cameron, J.L., F.S. McEuen and C.M. Young (1988). Egg flotation rates of Araeosoma fenestratum, an echinothuriid echinoid from bathyal depths. Echinoderm Biology: Proceedings of the sixth International Echinoderm Conference. Ed. by

R.D. Burke, P.V. Mladenov, P. Lambert & R.L. Parsley. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 177?180.

1987:

Young, C.M. and F.S. Chia (1987). Abundance and distribution of pelagic larvae, as influenced by predation, behavior, and hydrographic factors. Pages 385?463 in, A.C. Giese, J.S. Pearse and V.B. Pearse (Eds.): Reproduction of Marine Invertebrates, Vol. 9: General Aspects: Seeking Unity in Diversity. Blackwell/Boxwood, Palo Alto and Pacific Grove, California.

Young, C.M. and B.L. Bingham (1987). Chemical defense and aposematic coloration in tadpole larvae of the ascidian Ecteinascidia turbinata. Marine Biology 96:539?544.

Young, C.M. and J.L. Cameron (1987). Laboratory and in situ flotation rates of lecithotrophic eggs from the bathyal echinoid Phormosoma placenta. Deep Sea Research 34:1629?1639.

Gotelli, N.J., F.G. Lewis and C.M. Young (1987). Body size differences in a colonizing amphipod?mollusc assemblage. Oecologia 72:104?08.

1986:

Young, C.M. (1986). Direct observations of field swimming behavior in tadpole larvae of the colonial ascidian Ecteinascidia turbinata. Bulletin of Marine Science 39(2):279?289.

Young, C.M. (1986). Defenses and refuges: alternative mechanisms of coexistence between a predatory gastropod and its ascidian prey. Marine Biology 91:513-522.

Young, C.M., P.G. Greenwood, and C.A. Powell (1986). The ecological role of defensive secretions in the intertidal pulmonate Onchidella borealis. Biological Bulletin 171:391?404.

1985:

Young, C.M. (1985). Consequences of predation by the asteroid Evasterias troschellii in a soft?sediment ascidian community. In, B.F. Keegan and B.D.S. O'Connor, eds., Echinodermata: proceedings of the fifth international echinoderm conference. pp. 577?583. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam.

Young, C.M. (1985). Abundance patterns of subtidal solitary ascidians in the San Juan Islands, Washington, as influenced by food preferences of the predatory snail Fusitriton oregonensis. Marine Biology 84:309?321.

Young, C.M. and F.S. Chia (1985). An experimental test of shadow response function in ascidian tadpoles. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 85:165? 175.

1984:

Young, C.M. and F.S. Chia (1984). Microhabitat?associated variability in survival and growth of juvenile solitary ascidians during the first 21 days after settlement. Marine Biology 81:61?68.

Chia, F.S., J. Buckland?Nicks and C.M. Young (1984). Locomotion of marine invertebrate larvae: a review. Canadian Journal of Zoology 62:1205? 1222.

Chia, F.S., C.M. Young and F.S. McEuen (1984). The role of larval settlement behavior in controlling patterns of abundance in echinoderms. Advances in Invertebrate Reproduction, 3:409?424.

1983:

Cowden, C., C.M. Young and F.S. Chia (1983). Differential predation on marine invertebrate larvae by two benthic predators. Marine Ecology Progress Series 14:145? 149.

1982:

Young, C.M. and F.S. Chia (1982). Factors controlling spatial distribution of the sea cucumber Psolus chitonoides: settling and post? settling behavior. Marine Biology 69:195?205.

Young, C.M. and F.S. Chia (1982). Ontogeny of phototaxis during larval development of the sedentary polychaete Serpula vermicularis L. Biological Bulletin 162:457?468.

1981:

Young, C.M. and F.S. Chia (1981). Laboratory evidence for delay of larval settlement in response to a dominant competitor. International Journal of Invertebrate Reproduction 3:221?226.

1980:

Young, C.M. and L.F. Braithwaite (1980). Orientation and current? induced flow in the stalked ascidian Styela montereyensis. Biological Bulletin 159:428?440.

Young, C.M. and L.F. Braithwaite (1980). Larval behavior and early post?settling morphology in the ascidian Chelyosoma productum Stimpson. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 42:157?169.