SYLLABUS: AMERICAN BUSINESS HISTORY--HISTORY 363
                                                                                            (syllabus last revised 06/07/2006)

Daniel Pope  
Office: 331 McKenzie    Office Hours: Tues., 10:30-12:00 and Wed. 2:00-3:30
Phone: 346-4015    E-mail: dapope@uoregon.edu
Course Meets: MW 12:00-13:20, 175 Lillis

    President Calvin Coolidge once said that the "chief business of the American people is business." That doesn't necessarily mean that the history of the American people is the history of American business, but it does suggest that we will be examining topics that are central to the American past. Also, since the modern business corporation is certainly a dominant institution in our lives, a historical perspective on it should be useful for those who want to understand contemporary American society.

    This is a one-term course, designed for undergraduate business and pre-business majors as well as for students in the liberal arts and other programs who want to get some historical perspective on American business.  No prior classes in either history or business are assumed or required here, but such courses might prove relevant if you've taken them.

Books:
The following books should be available at the U of O Bookstore. Used copies may be also be available at Smith Family Bookstore. I will also try to have at least one copy of each of these on reserve in the library.

Regina Blaszczyk and Philip Scranton, editors, Major Problems in American Business History
John Micklethwait and Adrian Wooldridge, The Company: A Short History of a Revolutionary Idea
Jefferson Cowie, Capital Moves: RCA's 70 Year Quest for Cheap Labor

Sinclair Lewis, Babbitt, is optional.  It's for one of the choices for the paper assignment.  Don't buy it until you've decided to do that option.
Frederick W. Taylor, The Principles of Scientific Management, is also optional and one of the paper assignment choices.  Again, don't buy it until you decide to do that option.

Requirements:

A take-home midterm exam, worth about 25% of the course grade--due Monday, May 8 at class time. New! Link to Take-Home Midterm Exam

A short (4-7 pages suggested length) paper, worth about 25%--due Wednesday, May 31 at class time.  A handout with options for the paper topic is now available on line at http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~dapope/363papertop--s06.htm.

A final exam, worth about 40% of the course grade.  You'll have a choice between a take-home and an in-class final.  The in-class exam is scheduled for Monday, June 12 at 10:15 a.m.  That is also the deadline for the submission of take-home exams.  If you haven't handed in the take-home by that time, you must take the in-class version of the test.
  
Valuable class participation, about ten percent

Class Sessions and Reading Assignments:

Link to April 3    April 5    April 10    April 12    April 17    Link to Paper Topic Handout    April 19    April 24  

Link to Take-Home Midterm Exam    April 26    May 1    May 3    May 8    May 10    May 15    May 17

May 22    May 24     New! Notes and questions on Capital Moves    May 31    New! Link to Final Exam    June 5    June 7

April 3 - 12: Business: America's Oldest Profession?

Read: The Company, pp. xii - 36 (Introduction and chapters 1 and 2)
          Major Problems, chapter 1, essays by Scranton and Chandler; chapter 2, documents 1-4 and essays by Perkins and Kulik; chapter 3, documents 1-3, 5 and 9 and essays by Morgan and Doerflinger.

One historian has written, "Capitalism came to America on the first ships." In this section of the course, we shall discuss the role of business motives and institutions in the expansion of Europe and the settlement of what is now the United States. Among the topics we will consider are: religious beliefs and business values; trans-Atlantic trade patterns; the business of the slave trade; the Revolution and American business.

April 17-19: Creating a Framework for Business Growth

Read: Major Problems, chapter 4, documents 1-4 and 7-8 and essays by Lamoreaux and John; chapter 5, documents 1-3 and essays by Johnson, Dew and Faust; chapter 6, Documents 1-3.
          The Company, Chapter 3.

Between the American Revolution and the 1870's, the groundwork for business growth was put in place. In this section we will look at: the Constitution and legal changes as they affected business; the transportation revolution and the growth of the railroads; new commercial practices and patterns; business values in an individualistic, competitive society.

April 24-May 3: The Rise of Big Business --Creating Corporate America

Read: The Company, Chapter 4 (Chapter 5 is recommended but not required)
          Major Problems, Chapter 6, documents 6-8 and essays by Ingham and Laird; Chapter 7, Documents 1-6 and essays by Yates and Lipartito; Chapter 8, documents 1-4 and essay by Dunlavy; Chapter 9, documents 1-4 and essays by Olegario and Kwolek-Folland.

During the years from about 1870 to 1920, the United States underwent a transformation that made it the greatest industrial power in the world. In this section we will focus on the appearance of "big business," companies that were not simply larger than their predecessors but were qualitatively more complex as well. Why did large corporations appear when they did? What sectors of the economy did they dominate? Who were the men who rose to the top of the new business world?

Take-home midterm due May 8 at class time.

May 8-15: Living With Big Business: Anti-Trust, Management Ideologies, and Consumerism

Read:     The Corporation, chapter six
            Capital Moves
, Introduction and Chapter One  
            Major Problems, chapter 8, documents 5-8 and essay by Jacoby; chapter 10 (all)

Big business by the early twentieth century affected the lives of almost all Americans, directly and indirectly.  In these sessions, we'll look at three aspects of this impact.  First, could laws and court decisions be used to break up concentrated corporate power and restore a (perhaps imaginary) competitive ideal?  Second, how would work be controlled in a big business society?  Third, what methods and messages did businesses use to shape a nation of consumers of their products?  And how did Americans respond to modern marketing?

May 17-22: Who Controls American Business?

Read:        Capital Moves, chapters 2-3
                  Major Problems, chapter 13 (all) 

In the twentieth century, American businesses underwent an evolution, brought on by external pressures (from labor, government, consumers, etc.) and internal forces (notably, the need to adapt to changing technologies and markets). Who actually has power within the modern business firm?  Its shareholders?  Banks and other financial institutions?  Top management?  The "technostructure" of those with specialized technical and organizational skills and knowledge?  And what forces outside the corporations (government, labor unions, consumers, etc.) can control or counterbalance their power?

May 24: Small Business and the role of "Outsiders"

No reading assignments for this session.  Keep reading, however: Capital Moves, chapters 4-7, and The Corporation, chapters 7 and 8, are required for the next sessions.

As many business historians have emphasized, the rise of "big business" did not mean the end of "small business."  In many ways--job creation, product innovation, adaptation to new technological opportunities--smaller firms have, in fact, been leaders, not followers.  How have they survived?  How have groups (notably people of color and white women) historically excluded from or discriminated against in giant corporations made use of small business to advance their well-being?

NOTE: No class May 29--Memorial Day holiday.

May 31-June 7: A Post Industrial Economy, Globalization and the Future of American Business

Read: Capital Moves, chapters 4-7
           The Corporation, chapters 7 and 8.
          Major Problems, chapter 14, all documents and essays by Dicke and Head; chapter 15, Documents 1,4,6 and 7 and essays by Jones and by Baily and Farrell.

Only a few years ago, pundits were proclaiming the peaceful world-wide triumph of capitalism and a new economic era in the United States.  Many based their boasts on the promise of new telecommunications technologies and of globalization.  Late 1990s financial crises in East Asia, Russia, Mexico and elsewhere, a militant movement against corporate-led globalization, a serious recession in the United States at the start of the new century, and the war in Iraq have all called these predictions into doubt.

A Few Notes

A. Although I will frequently be lecturing, I hope to provide opportunity for questions and discussion. This will work best if you try to keep pace with reading assignments. Constructive class participation will count in your favor for the course grade, if you care about such matters.

B. I plan to emphasize biography in this course. Most weeks, at least part of one lecture will be devoted to a "tycoon of the week," an individual who exemplified or pioneered an important development in American business history.

C. Most of us, myself included, come to this course with attitudes and opinions about American business. I won't hesitate to make my views known, though I don't intend to preach or propagandize. Regardless of your own views, you will be welcome to express them, especially if you do so in a well-informed and well-reasoned fashion.

History 363
Spring 2006