Self and Others
Psychology 410
Prof. Bertram Malle
Winter 1999


Self and Other in Relationships
(Jan 28)

The story so far: We have explored the strucutre of the self-concept and explored ways in which people use the self-concept to make sense of others. (false consensus, projection, simulation). We have begun to look at variants of "getting into the other mind" -- empathy, perspective-taking, and sympathy. Now we examine these possible connections between self and other in the context of real relationships.

In this session we will tackle the following related questions: What really goes on when people "empathize" with another person? Does it resemble a self-other merging? Is such a merging a characteristic of intimate relationships? And are people who are in intimate relationships accurate when they empathize with their partner?

What underlies empathy: The hypothesis of self-other merging

(DAVIS et al.)
  1. Some warnings about the uses of "self" and "other"
  2. The hypothesis and its supporting evidence
  3. Related evidence
  4. The statistical technique of "covariance analysis"
  5. The cognitive busy-ness technique and its function

Self-Other merging in close relationships

(ARON et al.)
  1. Warnings again and the hypothesis (in the domains of resources, perspective, characteristics)
  2. The alternative explanation game

Empathic accuracy in close relationships

(SIMPSON et al.)
  1. Background on empathic accuracy (see also KLEIN & HODGES)
  2. Hypotheses
  3. What is mediation?